TY  - JOUR
AU  - Uzelac, Aleksandra
AU  - Betić, Nikola
AU  - Karabasil, Neđeljko
AU  - Ćirković, Vladimir
AU  - Đurković-Đaković, Olgica
AU  - Klun, Ivana
PY  - 2023
UR  - http://rimi.imi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1328
AB  - As pork is an important source for Toxoplasma gondii infection, we have analyzed T. gondii genotypes and toxoplasmosis prevalence in pigs in Serbia in the context of production statistics and economics to assess the specific risk to public health. Genotyping was performed using MnPCR-RFLP; T. gondii-specific IgG antibodies were detected using a modified agglutination test (MAT); and statistical data were extracted from official records and provided by government authorities. The results indicate that, from 2006 to 2021, the median number of annually slaughtered pigs was 5.6 million, yet only 36.1% were processed by abattoirs. The remainder were “backyard pigs” slaughtered on family farms and homesteads. Toxoplasmosis seroprevalence in market-weight (MW) pigs prior to 2006 was 15.2%, and was 15.1% in 2019. The seroprevalence in owned city cats, likely infected by livestock meat, was 33.2%. ToxoDB#1 was identified in pig tissues. The results indicate that backyard pigs are the backbone of the industry and provide as much as 60% of the pork in Serbia. The seroprevalence in pigs and city cats shows that farms are reservoirs for the parasite. Thus, innovative means of reducing T. gondii infection designed with backyard farmers in mind are needed to reduce the risk to public health.
PB  - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
T2  - Microorganisms
T2  - Microorganisms
T1  - A Pork Industry in the Backyard: An Analysis of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Serbia’s Pigs
IS  - 7
SP  - 1857
VL  - 11
DO  - 10.3390/microorganisms11071857
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Uzelac, Aleksandra and Betić, Nikola and Karabasil, Neđeljko and Ćirković, Vladimir and Đurković-Đaković, Olgica and Klun, Ivana",
year = "2023",
abstract = "As pork is an important source for Toxoplasma gondii infection, we have analyzed T. gondii genotypes and toxoplasmosis prevalence in pigs in Serbia in the context of production statistics and economics to assess the specific risk to public health. Genotyping was performed using MnPCR-RFLP; T. gondii-specific IgG antibodies were detected using a modified agglutination test (MAT); and statistical data were extracted from official records and provided by government authorities. The results indicate that, from 2006 to 2021, the median number of annually slaughtered pigs was 5.6 million, yet only 36.1% were processed by abattoirs. The remainder were “backyard pigs” slaughtered on family farms and homesteads. Toxoplasmosis seroprevalence in market-weight (MW) pigs prior to 2006 was 15.2%, and was 15.1% in 2019. The seroprevalence in owned city cats, likely infected by livestock meat, was 33.2%. ToxoDB#1 was identified in pig tissues. The results indicate that backyard pigs are the backbone of the industry and provide as much as 60% of the pork in Serbia. The seroprevalence in pigs and city cats shows that farms are reservoirs for the parasite. Thus, innovative means of reducing T. gondii infection designed with backyard farmers in mind are needed to reduce the risk to public health.",
publisher = "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)",
journal = "Microorganisms, Microorganisms",
title = "A Pork Industry in the Backyard: An Analysis of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Serbia’s Pigs",
number = "7",
pages = "1857",
volume = "11",
doi = "10.3390/microorganisms11071857"
}

Uzelac, A., Betić, N., Karabasil, N., Ćirković, V., Đurković-Đaković, O.,& Klun, I.. (2023). A Pork Industry in the Backyard: An Analysis of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Serbia’s Pigs. in Microorganisms
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)., 11(7), 1857.
https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11071857

Uzelac A, Betić N, Karabasil N, Ćirković V, Đurković-Đaković O, Klun I. A Pork Industry in the Backyard: An Analysis of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Serbia’s Pigs. in Microorganisms. 2023;11(7):1857.
doi:10.3390/microorganisms11071857 .

Uzelac, Aleksandra, Betić, Nikola, Karabasil, Neđeljko, Ćirković, Vladimir, Đurković-Đaković, Olgica, Klun, Ivana, "A Pork Industry in the Backyard: An Analysis of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Serbia’s Pigs" in Microorganisms, 11, no. 7 (2023):1857,
https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11071857 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Uzelac, Aleksandra
AU  - Betić, Nikola
AU  - Karabasil, Nedjeljko
AU  - Ćirković, Vladimir
AU  - Đurković-Đaković, Olgica
AU  - Klun, Ivana
PY  - 2023
UR  - http://rimi.imi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1402
AB  - Toxoplasma gondii is a common zoonotic intracellular parasite in livestock raised forhuman consumption and is a public health concern. The mode of transmission is ingestion,and meat is considered to be a major vehicle for human and animal infection. AsT. gondii is environmentally transmissible, other important vehicles in particular foranimals include vegetation, soil and water. The seroprevalence of T. gondii infection inpigs is Serbia has been determined in several studies over the past two decades. It hasbeen established that it varies considerably, primarily based on husbandry, with strictlyto mostly indoor animals having a lower prevalence (below 20%) than animals raisedoutdoors, where prevalence exceeds 60%. Experimental data suggests that differentgenotypes of the parasite vary in virulence, but the significance of virulence in terms ofpathology and disease manifestations is still being investigated. Genotypes of T. gondiiisolated from pig tissues in Serbia to date are ToxoDB#1 (archetype II) and ToxoDB#2(archetype III). Archetype II is predominant and, based on historical reports and recentfindings, low to intermediately virulent. The virulence phenotype and mechanisms ofarchetype III, however, have not been extensively studied, but recent data suggests thatits virulence may vary considerably. This review will also summarize the current knowledgeregarding the virulence of archetypes II and III and evaluate it in the context ofthe pig host.
PB  - Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology
T2  - Meat Technology
T1  - Toxoplasma gondii infection in pigs in Serbia
EP  - 88
IS  - 2
SP  - 82
VL  - 64
DO  - 10.18485/meattech.2023.64.2.14
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Uzelac, Aleksandra and Betić, Nikola and Karabasil, Nedjeljko and Ćirković, Vladimir and Đurković-Đaković, Olgica and Klun, Ivana",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Toxoplasma gondii is a common zoonotic intracellular parasite in livestock raised forhuman consumption and is a public health concern. The mode of transmission is ingestion,and meat is considered to be a major vehicle for human and animal infection. AsT. gondii is environmentally transmissible, other important vehicles in particular foranimals include vegetation, soil and water. The seroprevalence of T. gondii infection inpigs is Serbia has been determined in several studies over the past two decades. It hasbeen established that it varies considerably, primarily based on husbandry, with strictlyto mostly indoor animals having a lower prevalence (below 20%) than animals raisedoutdoors, where prevalence exceeds 60%. Experimental data suggests that differentgenotypes of the parasite vary in virulence, but the significance of virulence in terms ofpathology and disease manifestations is still being investigated. Genotypes of T. gondiiisolated from pig tissues in Serbia to date are ToxoDB#1 (archetype II) and ToxoDB#2(archetype III). Archetype II is predominant and, based on historical reports and recentfindings, low to intermediately virulent. The virulence phenotype and mechanisms ofarchetype III, however, have not been extensively studied, but recent data suggests thatits virulence may vary considerably. This review will also summarize the current knowledgeregarding the virulence of archetypes II and III and evaluate it in the context ofthe pig host.",
publisher = "Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology",
journal = "Meat Technology",
title = "Toxoplasma gondii infection in pigs in Serbia",
pages = "88-82",
number = "2",
volume = "64",
doi = "10.18485/meattech.2023.64.2.14"
}

Uzelac, A., Betić, N., Karabasil, N., Ćirković, V., Đurković-Đaković, O.,& Klun, I.. (2023). Toxoplasma gondii infection in pigs in Serbia. in Meat Technology
Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology., 64(2), 82-88.
https://doi.org/10.18485/meattech.2023.64.2.14

Uzelac A, Betić N, Karabasil N, Ćirković V, Đurković-Đaković O, Klun I. Toxoplasma gondii infection in pigs in Serbia. in Meat Technology. 2023;64(2):82-88.
doi:10.18485/meattech.2023.64.2.14 .

Uzelac, Aleksandra, Betić, Nikola, Karabasil, Nedjeljko, Ćirković, Vladimir, Đurković-Đaković, Olgica, Klun, Ivana, "Toxoplasma gondii infection in pigs in Serbia" in Meat Technology, 64, no. 2 (2023):82-88,
https://doi.org/10.18485/meattech.2023.64.2.14 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Betić, Nikola
AU  - Branković Lazić, Ivana
AU  - Karabasil, Nedjeljko
AU  - Vasilev, Dragan
AU  - Uzelac, Aleksandra
AU  - Klun, Ivana
PY  - 2023
UR  - http://rimi.imi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1374
AB  - Parasites are highly significant pathogens that are transmitted through food. Their specificlife cycles, transmission routes, and usually a lengthy period between infection and the firstsymptoms of the disease make them a substantial risk to public health. Additionally, thereare challenges in detection, diagnosis, and treatment. Toxoplasmosis is considered the mostwidespread parasitic infection on a global scale. It is caused by the protozoan Toxoplasmagondii, one of the most successful parasites of animals and humans due to its ability to parasitizewithin the nuclei of a wide range of hosts. Because of its importance in both veterinaryand human medicine, T. gondii is one of the most extensively studied parasites. Existing datashow seroprevalences differ across continents, countries, and even within states and amongspecific communities. Consuming undercooked meat presents one of the greatest risk factorsfor human infection with the T. gondii parasite, with pork being recognized as a dominantsource of infection.
PB  - Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology
T2  - Meat Technology
T1  - Toxoplasma gondii — control measures for reducing risks in the pork production chain
EP  - 132
IS  - 2
SP  - 129
VL  - 64
DO  - 10.18485/meattech.2023.64.2.22
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Betić, Nikola and Branković Lazić, Ivana and Karabasil, Nedjeljko and Vasilev, Dragan and Uzelac, Aleksandra and Klun, Ivana",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Parasites are highly significant pathogens that are transmitted through food. Their specificlife cycles, transmission routes, and usually a lengthy period between infection and the firstsymptoms of the disease make them a substantial risk to public health. Additionally, thereare challenges in detection, diagnosis, and treatment. Toxoplasmosis is considered the mostwidespread parasitic infection on a global scale. It is caused by the protozoan Toxoplasmagondii, one of the most successful parasites of animals and humans due to its ability to parasitizewithin the nuclei of a wide range of hosts. Because of its importance in both veterinaryand human medicine, T. gondii is one of the most extensively studied parasites. Existing datashow seroprevalences differ across continents, countries, and even within states and amongspecific communities. Consuming undercooked meat presents one of the greatest risk factorsfor human infection with the T. gondii parasite, with pork being recognized as a dominantsource of infection.",
publisher = "Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology",
journal = "Meat Technology",
title = "Toxoplasma gondii — control measures for reducing risks in the pork production chain",
pages = "132-129",
number = "2",
volume = "64",
doi = "10.18485/meattech.2023.64.2.22"
}

Betić, N., Branković Lazić, I., Karabasil, N., Vasilev, D., Uzelac, A.,& Klun, I.. (2023). Toxoplasma gondii — control measures for reducing risks in the pork production chain. in Meat Technology
Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology., 64(2), 129-132.
https://doi.org/10.18485/meattech.2023.64.2.22

Betić N, Branković Lazić I, Karabasil N, Vasilev D, Uzelac A, Klun I. Toxoplasma gondii — control measures for reducing risks in the pork production chain. in Meat Technology. 2023;64(2):129-132.
doi:10.18485/meattech.2023.64.2.22 .

Betić, Nikola, Branković Lazić, Ivana, Karabasil, Nedjeljko, Vasilev, Dragan, Uzelac, Aleksandra, Klun, Ivana, "Toxoplasma gondii — control measures for reducing risks in the pork production chain" in Meat Technology, 64, no. 2 (2023):129-132,
https://doi.org/10.18485/meattech.2023.64.2.22 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Betić, Nikola
AU  - Karabasil, Neđeljko
AU  - Đurković-Đaković, Olgica
AU  - Ćirković, Vladimir
AU  - Bobić, Branko
AU  - Branković Lazić, Ivana
AU  - Đorđević, Vesna
AU  - Klun, Ivana
PY  - 2022
UR  - http://rimi.imi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1240
AB  - Consumption of Toxoplasma gondii contaminated pork is a major risk factor for human infection. We thus conducted a cross-sectional survey on the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in a representative sample of slaughter pigs from throughout Serbia and examined the influence of farm biosecurity-related risk factors on infection. In addition, direct detection of the parasite (by mouse bioassay) or its DNA was performed in the hearts of a subset of seropositive sows. The overall seroprevalence in the sample of 825 pigs as determined by the modified agglutination test (MAT) was 16.5%. Older age and inadequate rodent control were independent infection risk factors for pigs. In a subset of 581 pigs with complete biosecurity-related data, in addition to older age, smallholders’ finishing type farms (as opposed to farrow-to-finish), multispecies farming, and origin from Western and Central and South-Eastern Serbia (vs. the Northern region), all increased the risk of infection, while the absence of disinfection boot-dips in front of each barn and Belgrade district origin (vs. the Northern region) were associated with a 62% and 75% lower risk of infection, respectively. Evidence of viable parasites was obtained in 13 (41.9%) of the 31 bioassayed sow hearts, of which by isolation of brain cysts in seven, by detection of T. gondii DNA in an additional four, and by serology in another two. Recovery of brain cysts mostly (5/7) from sows with a MAT titre of ≥1:100 indicates the risk for consumers. These results highlight the public health risk from pork consumption and point to mandatory use of professional rodent control services, abstaining from multispecies farming, keeping disinfection boot-dips clean and freshly refilled, as well as strict implementation of zoo-hygienic measures on smallholders’ farms as specific farm biosecurity measures needed for its reduction.
T2  - Microorganisms
T1  - Seroprevalence, Direct Detection and Risk Factors for Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Pigs in Serbia, and Influence of Biosecurity Measures
IS  - 5
SP  - 1069
VL  - 10
DO  - 10.3390/microorganisms10051069
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Betić, Nikola and Karabasil, Neđeljko and Đurković-Đaković, Olgica and Ćirković, Vladimir and Bobić, Branko and Branković Lazić, Ivana and Đorđević, Vesna and Klun, Ivana",
year = "2022",
abstract = "Consumption of Toxoplasma gondii contaminated pork is a major risk factor for human infection. We thus conducted a cross-sectional survey on the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in a representative sample of slaughter pigs from throughout Serbia and examined the influence of farm biosecurity-related risk factors on infection. In addition, direct detection of the parasite (by mouse bioassay) or its DNA was performed in the hearts of a subset of seropositive sows. The overall seroprevalence in the sample of 825 pigs as determined by the modified agglutination test (MAT) was 16.5%. Older age and inadequate rodent control were independent infection risk factors for pigs. In a subset of 581 pigs with complete biosecurity-related data, in addition to older age, smallholders’ finishing type farms (as opposed to farrow-to-finish), multispecies farming, and origin from Western and Central and South-Eastern Serbia (vs. the Northern region), all increased the risk of infection, while the absence of disinfection boot-dips in front of each barn and Belgrade district origin (vs. the Northern region) were associated with a 62% and 75% lower risk of infection, respectively. Evidence of viable parasites was obtained in 13 (41.9%) of the 31 bioassayed sow hearts, of which by isolation of brain cysts in seven, by detection of T. gondii DNA in an additional four, and by serology in another two. Recovery of brain cysts mostly (5/7) from sows with a MAT titre of ≥1:100 indicates the risk for consumers. These results highlight the public health risk from pork consumption and point to mandatory use of professional rodent control services, abstaining from multispecies farming, keeping disinfection boot-dips clean and freshly refilled, as well as strict implementation of zoo-hygienic measures on smallholders’ farms as specific farm biosecurity measures needed for its reduction.",
journal = "Microorganisms",
title = "Seroprevalence, Direct Detection and Risk Factors for Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Pigs in Serbia, and Influence of Biosecurity Measures",
number = "5",
pages = "1069",
volume = "10",
doi = "10.3390/microorganisms10051069"
}

Betić, N., Karabasil, N., Đurković-Đaković, O., Ćirković, V., Bobić, B., Branković Lazić, I., Đorđević, V.,& Klun, I.. (2022). Seroprevalence, Direct Detection and Risk Factors for Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Pigs in Serbia, and Influence of Biosecurity Measures. in Microorganisms, 10(5), 1069.
https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10051069

Betić N, Karabasil N, Đurković-Đaković O, Ćirković V, Bobić B, Branković Lazić I, Đorđević V, Klun I. Seroprevalence, Direct Detection and Risk Factors for Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Pigs in Serbia, and Influence of Biosecurity Measures. in Microorganisms. 2022;10(5):1069.
doi:10.3390/microorganisms10051069 .

Betić, Nikola, Karabasil, Neđeljko, Đurković-Đaković, Olgica, Ćirković, Vladimir, Bobić, Branko, Branković Lazić, Ivana, Đorđević, Vesna, Klun, Ivana, "Seroprevalence, Direct Detection and Risk Factors for Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Pigs in Serbia, and Influence of Biosecurity Measures" in Microorganisms, 10, no. 5 (2022):1069,
https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10051069 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lijeskić, Olivera
AU  - Klun, Ivana
AU  - Stamenov Đaković, Marija
AU  - Gligorić, Nenad
AU  - Štajner, Tijana
AU  - Srbljanović, Jelena
AU  - Đurković-Đaković, Olgica
PY  - 2021
UR  - http://rimi.imi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1168
AB  - Real-life data on the performance of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are still limited. We here present the rates of detection and levels of antibodies specific for the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein RBD (receptor binding domain) elicited by four vaccines available in Serbia, including BNT-162b2 (BioNTech/Pfizer), BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm), Gam-COVID-Vac (Gamaleya Research Institute) and ChAdOx1-S (AstraZeneca), compared with those after documented COVID-19, at 6 weeks and 3 months post first vaccine dose or post-infection. Six weeks post first vaccine dose, specific IgG antibodies were detected in 100% of individuals fully vaccinated with BNT-162b2 (n = 100) and Gam-COVID-Vac (n = 12) and in 81.7% of BBIBP-CorV recipients (n = 148), while one dose of ChAdOx1-S (n = 24) induced specific antibodies in 75%. Antibody levels elicited by BNT-162b2 were higher, while those elicited by BBIBP-CorV were lower, than after SARS-CoV-2 infection. By 3 months post-vaccination, antibody levels decreased but remained ≥20-fold above the cut-off in BNT-162b2 but not in BBIBP-CorV recipients, when an additional 30% were seronegative. For all vaccines, antibody levels were higher in individuals with past COVID-19 than in naïve individuals. A total of twelve new infections occurred within the first 3 months post-vaccination, eight after the first dose of BNT-162b2 and ChAdOx1-S (one each) and BBIBP-CorV (six), and four after full vaccination with BBIBP-CorV, but none required hospitalization.
PB  - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
T2  - Vaccines
T1  - Prospective Cohort Study of the Kinetics of Specific Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and to Four SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines Available in Serbia, and Vaccine Effectiveness: A 3-Month Interim Report
IS  - 9
SP  - 1031
VL  - 9
DO  - 10.3390/vaccines9091031
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Lijeskić, Olivera and Klun, Ivana and Stamenov Đaković, Marija and Gligorić, Nenad and Štajner, Tijana and Srbljanović, Jelena and Đurković-Đaković, Olgica",
year = "2021",
abstract = "Real-life data on the performance of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are still limited. We here present the rates of detection and levels of antibodies specific for the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein RBD (receptor binding domain) elicited by four vaccines available in Serbia, including BNT-162b2 (BioNTech/Pfizer), BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm), Gam-COVID-Vac (Gamaleya Research Institute) and ChAdOx1-S (AstraZeneca), compared with those after documented COVID-19, at 6 weeks and 3 months post first vaccine dose or post-infection. Six weeks post first vaccine dose, specific IgG antibodies were detected in 100% of individuals fully vaccinated with BNT-162b2 (n = 100) and Gam-COVID-Vac (n = 12) and in 81.7% of BBIBP-CorV recipients (n = 148), while one dose of ChAdOx1-S (n = 24) induced specific antibodies in 75%. Antibody levels elicited by BNT-162b2 were higher, while those elicited by BBIBP-CorV were lower, than after SARS-CoV-2 infection. By 3 months post-vaccination, antibody levels decreased but remained ≥20-fold above the cut-off in BNT-162b2 but not in BBIBP-CorV recipients, when an additional 30% were seronegative. For all vaccines, antibody levels were higher in individuals with past COVID-19 than in naïve individuals. A total of twelve new infections occurred within the first 3 months post-vaccination, eight after the first dose of BNT-162b2 and ChAdOx1-S (one each) and BBIBP-CorV (six), and four after full vaccination with BBIBP-CorV, but none required hospitalization.",
publisher = "Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)",
journal = "Vaccines",
title = "Prospective Cohort Study of the Kinetics of Specific Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and to Four SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines Available in Serbia, and Vaccine Effectiveness: A 3-Month Interim Report",
number = "9",
pages = "1031",
volume = "9",
doi = "10.3390/vaccines9091031"
}

Lijeskić, O., Klun, I., Stamenov Đaković, M., Gligorić, N., Štajner, T., Srbljanović, J.,& Đurković-Đaković, O.. (2021). Prospective Cohort Study of the Kinetics of Specific Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and to Four SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines Available in Serbia, and Vaccine Effectiveness: A 3-Month Interim Report. in Vaccines
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)., 9(9), 1031.
https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9091031

Lijeskić O, Klun I, Stamenov Đaković M, Gligorić N, Štajner T, Srbljanović J, Đurković-Đaković O. Prospective Cohort Study of the Kinetics of Specific Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and to Four SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines Available in Serbia, and Vaccine Effectiveness: A 3-Month Interim Report. in Vaccines. 2021;9(9):1031.
doi:10.3390/vaccines9091031 .

Lijeskić, Olivera, Klun, Ivana, Stamenov Đaković, Marija, Gligorić, Nenad, Štajner, Tijana, Srbljanović, Jelena, Đurković-Đaković, Olgica, "Prospective Cohort Study of the Kinetics of Specific Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and to Four SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines Available in Serbia, and Vaccine Effectiveness: A 3-Month Interim Report" in Vaccines, 9, no. 9 (2021):1031,
https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9091031 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Uzelac, Aleksandra
AU  - Klun, Ivana
AU  - Ćirković, Vladimir
AU  - Bauman, Neda
AU  - Bobić, Branko
AU  - Štajner, Tijana
AU  - Srbljanović, Jelena
AU  - Lijeskić, Olivera
AU  - Đurković-Đaković, Olgica
PY  - 2021
UR  - http://rimi.imi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1190
AB  - In Europe, Toxoplasma gondii lineage II is dominant, and ToxoDB#1 the most frequently occurring genotype. The abundance of lineage III genotypes varies geographically and lineage I are rare, yet present in several regions of the continent. Data on the T. gondii population structure in southeastern Europe (SEE) are scarce, yet necessary to appreciate the diversity of the species in Europe. To help fill this gap, we genotyped 67 strains from nine species of intermediate hosts in Serbia by MnPCR-RFLP, determined the population structure, and identified the genotypes using ToxoDB. A neighbor-joining tree was also constructed from the isolates genotyped on nine loci. While 42% of the total genotype population consisted of ToxoDB#1 and ToxoDB#2, variant genotypes of both lineages comprised 46% of the population in wildlife and 28% in domestic animals and humans. One genotype of Africa 4 lineage was detected in a human sample. Interestingly, the findings include one lineage III variant and one II/III recombinant isolate with intercontinental distribution, which appear to be moderately related to South American genotypes. Based on these findings, SEE is a region of underappreciated T. gondii genetic diversity and possible strain exchange between Europe and Africa.
PB  - MDPI
T2  - Microorganisms
T1  - Toxoplasma gondii Genotypes Circulating in Serbia—Insight into the Population Structure and Diversity of the Species in Southeastern Europe, a Region of Intercontinental Strain Exchange
IS  - 12
SP  - 2526
VL  - 9
DO  - 10.3390/microorganisms9122526
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Uzelac, Aleksandra and Klun, Ivana and Ćirković, Vladimir and Bauman, Neda and Bobić, Branko and Štajner, Tijana and Srbljanović, Jelena and Lijeskić, Olivera and Đurković-Đaković, Olgica",
year = "2021",
abstract = "In Europe, Toxoplasma gondii lineage II is dominant, and ToxoDB#1 the most frequently occurring genotype. The abundance of lineage III genotypes varies geographically and lineage I are rare, yet present in several regions of the continent. Data on the T. gondii population structure in southeastern Europe (SEE) are scarce, yet necessary to appreciate the diversity of the species in Europe. To help fill this gap, we genotyped 67 strains from nine species of intermediate hosts in Serbia by MnPCR-RFLP, determined the population structure, and identified the genotypes using ToxoDB. A neighbor-joining tree was also constructed from the isolates genotyped on nine loci. While 42% of the total genotype population consisted of ToxoDB#1 and ToxoDB#2, variant genotypes of both lineages comprised 46% of the population in wildlife and 28% in domestic animals and humans. One genotype of Africa 4 lineage was detected in a human sample. Interestingly, the findings include one lineage III variant and one II/III recombinant isolate with intercontinental distribution, which appear to be moderately related to South American genotypes. Based on these findings, SEE is a region of underappreciated T. gondii genetic diversity and possible strain exchange between Europe and Africa.",
publisher = "MDPI",
journal = "Microorganisms",
title = "Toxoplasma gondii Genotypes Circulating in Serbia—Insight into the Population Structure and Diversity of the Species in Southeastern Europe, a Region of Intercontinental Strain Exchange",
number = "12",
pages = "2526",
volume = "9",
doi = "10.3390/microorganisms9122526"
}

Uzelac, A., Klun, I., Ćirković, V., Bauman, N., Bobić, B., Štajner, T., Srbljanović, J., Lijeskić, O.,& Đurković-Đaković, O.. (2021). Toxoplasma gondii Genotypes Circulating in Serbia—Insight into the Population Structure and Diversity of the Species in Southeastern Europe, a Region of Intercontinental Strain Exchange. in Microorganisms
MDPI., 9(12), 2526.
https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9122526

Uzelac A, Klun I, Ćirković V, Bauman N, Bobić B, Štajner T, Srbljanović J, Lijeskić O, Đurković-Đaković O. Toxoplasma gondii Genotypes Circulating in Serbia—Insight into the Population Structure and Diversity of the Species in Southeastern Europe, a Region of Intercontinental Strain Exchange. in Microorganisms. 2021;9(12):2526.
doi:10.3390/microorganisms9122526 .

Uzelac, Aleksandra, Klun, Ivana, Ćirković, Vladimir, Bauman, Neda, Bobić, Branko, Štajner, Tijana, Srbljanović, Jelena, Lijeskić, Olivera, Đurković-Đaković, Olgica, "Toxoplasma gondii Genotypes Circulating in Serbia—Insight into the Population Structure and Diversity of the Species in Southeastern Europe, a Region of Intercontinental Strain Exchange" in Microorganisms, 9, no. 12 (2021):2526,
https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9122526 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lijeskić, Olivera
AU  - Štajner, Tijana
AU  - Srbljanović, Jelena
AU  - Radosavljević, Aleksandra
AU  - Bobić, Branko
AU  - Klun, Ivana
AU  - Stanojević-Paović, Anka
AU  - Đurković-Đaković, Olgica
PY  - 2021
UR  - http://rimi.imi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1198
AB  - Introduction: Ocular toxoplasmosis is the most common cause of infectious posterior uveitis worldwide. It can be prenatal or postnatal in origin. Despite estimations that postnatal ocular toxoplasmosis is more prevalent, only several cases of proven postnatal ocular toxoplasmosis have been reported in non-epidemic settings. Here, the clinical evolution of ocular toxoplasmosis of conclusively proven postnatal origin in immunocompetent patients is reported.Methodology: Postnatal ocular toxoplasmosis was diagnosed based on clinical diagnosis supported by the longitudinal detection of Toxoplasma gondii-specific IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies in the serum as well as by direct detection of the parasite (bioassay) and/or its DNA (real-time PCR) in aqueous humor.Results: Three cases involved adults in whom ocular toxoplasmosis developed during primary T. gondii infection, as part of the clinical presentation in two and as the sole manifestation in one patient. The fourth patient was a case of inactive ocular toxoplasmosis in a 14-year-old boy, where postnatal infection was confirmed by exclusion of maternal infection. The causative parasite strain was genotyped in only one case and it belonged to genotype II, the dominant type in Europe. One patient acquired the infection in Africa, suggesting an atypical strain.Conclusions: The distinction between prenatal and postnatal ocular toxoplasmosis is only possible in particular clinical situations, and requires extensive laboratory investigation. Genotyping of the parasite strain involved may be important, particularly if atypical strains are suspected, requiring tailored treatment approaches.
T2  - The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
T1  - Postnatal ocular toxoplasmosis in immunocompetent patients
EP  - 1522
IS  - 10
SP  - 1515
VL  - 15
DO  - 10.3855/jidc.14824
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Lijeskić, Olivera and Štajner, Tijana and Srbljanović, Jelena and Radosavljević, Aleksandra and Bobić, Branko and Klun, Ivana and Stanojević-Paović, Anka and Đurković-Đaković, Olgica",
year = "2021",
abstract = "Introduction: Ocular toxoplasmosis is the most common cause of infectious posterior uveitis worldwide. It can be prenatal or postnatal in origin. Despite estimations that postnatal ocular toxoplasmosis is more prevalent, only several cases of proven postnatal ocular toxoplasmosis have been reported in non-epidemic settings. Here, the clinical evolution of ocular toxoplasmosis of conclusively proven postnatal origin in immunocompetent patients is reported.Methodology: Postnatal ocular toxoplasmosis was diagnosed based on clinical diagnosis supported by the longitudinal detection of Toxoplasma gondii-specific IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies in the serum as well as by direct detection of the parasite (bioassay) and/or its DNA (real-time PCR) in aqueous humor.Results: Three cases involved adults in whom ocular toxoplasmosis developed during primary T. gondii infection, as part of the clinical presentation in two and as the sole manifestation in one patient. The fourth patient was a case of inactive ocular toxoplasmosis in a 14-year-old boy, where postnatal infection was confirmed by exclusion of maternal infection. The causative parasite strain was genotyped in only one case and it belonged to genotype II, the dominant type in Europe. One patient acquired the infection in Africa, suggesting an atypical strain.Conclusions: The distinction between prenatal and postnatal ocular toxoplasmosis is only possible in particular clinical situations, and requires extensive laboratory investigation. Genotyping of the parasite strain involved may be important, particularly if atypical strains are suspected, requiring tailored treatment approaches.",
journal = "The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries",
title = "Postnatal ocular toxoplasmosis in immunocompetent patients",
pages = "1522-1515",
number = "10",
volume = "15",
doi = "10.3855/jidc.14824"
}

Lijeskić, O., Štajner, T., Srbljanović, J., Radosavljević, A., Bobić, B., Klun, I., Stanojević-Paović, A.,& Đurković-Đaković, O.. (2021). Postnatal ocular toxoplasmosis in immunocompetent patients. in The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 15(10), 1515-1522.
https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.14824

Lijeskić O, Štajner T, Srbljanović J, Radosavljević A, Bobić B, Klun I, Stanojević-Paović A, Đurković-Đaković O. Postnatal ocular toxoplasmosis in immunocompetent patients. in The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries. 2021;15(10):1515-1522.
doi:10.3855/jidc.14824 .

Lijeskić, Olivera, Štajner, Tijana, Srbljanović, Jelena, Radosavljević, Aleksandra, Bobić, Branko, Klun, Ivana, Stanojević-Paović, Anka, Đurković-Đaković, Olgica, "Postnatal ocular toxoplasmosis in immunocompetent patients" in The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 15, no. 10 (2021):1515-1522,
https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.14824 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bobić, Branko
AU  - Ćirković, Vladimir
AU  - Klun, Ivana
AU  - Štajner, Tijana
AU  - Srbljanović, Jelena
AU  - Bauman, Neda
AU  - Đurković-Đaković, Olgica
PY  - 2021
UR  - http://rimi.imi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1267
AB  - Taenia solium is a zoonotic parasite that causes taeniasis and cysticercosis in humans (as final hosts) and cysticercosis in pigs (as intermediate hosts). The Russian Federation (RF) is traditionally considered as endemic for this zoonosis. However, the epidemiological data on T. solium infection have not been reviewed for the past 20 years, in which time dynamic economical and societal changes have occurred in the RF. The aim of this systematic review was to analyse the status of T. solium infection in RF in the 2000–2019 period. A literature search was conducted, which collected published articles, grey literature and official data on the epidemiology of T. solium taeniasis and cysticercosis in the RF published from 2000. From a total of 2021 articles and 24 official reports originally returned by the search, data were extracted from 12 full text articles and 11 official reports. Taenia solium taeniasis was continuously reported in the RF between 2000 and 2019, with a tenfold decrease in the incidence, from 0.2 per 100,000 population in 2000 to 0.023/100,000 in 2019. Also, the number of administrative units where taeniasis was detected continuously decreased. Cysticercosis in pigs had a declining trend after 2006. In conclusion, although decreasing, T. solium infection is still endemic in several regions and suspected to be endemic in most of the RF.
PB  - Cambridge University Press
T2  - Journal of Helminthology
T1  - Epidemiology of Taenia solium infection in the Russian Federation in the last 20 years: a systematic review
SP  - e49
VL  - 95
DO  - 10.1017/S0022149X21000432
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Bobić, Branko and Ćirković, Vladimir and Klun, Ivana and Štajner, Tijana and Srbljanović, Jelena and Bauman, Neda and Đurković-Đaković, Olgica",
year = "2021",
abstract = "Taenia solium is a zoonotic parasite that causes taeniasis and cysticercosis in humans (as final hosts) and cysticercosis in pigs (as intermediate hosts). The Russian Federation (RF) is traditionally considered as endemic for this zoonosis. However, the epidemiological data on T. solium infection have not been reviewed for the past 20 years, in which time dynamic economical and societal changes have occurred in the RF. The aim of this systematic review was to analyse the status of T. solium infection in RF in the 2000–2019 period. A literature search was conducted, which collected published articles, grey literature and official data on the epidemiology of T. solium taeniasis and cysticercosis in the RF published from 2000. From a total of 2021 articles and 24 official reports originally returned by the search, data were extracted from 12 full text articles and 11 official reports. Taenia solium taeniasis was continuously reported in the RF between 2000 and 2019, with a tenfold decrease in the incidence, from 0.2 per 100,000 population in 2000 to 0.023/100,000 in 2019. Also, the number of administrative units where taeniasis was detected continuously decreased. Cysticercosis in pigs had a declining trend after 2006. In conclusion, although decreasing, T. solium infection is still endemic in several regions and suspected to be endemic in most of the RF.",
publisher = "Cambridge University Press",
journal = "Journal of Helminthology",
title = "Epidemiology of Taenia solium infection in the Russian Federation in the last 20 years: a systematic review",
pages = "e49",
volume = "95",
doi = "10.1017/S0022149X21000432"
}

Bobić, B., Ćirković, V., Klun, I., Štajner, T., Srbljanović, J., Bauman, N.,& Đurković-Đaković, O.. (2021). Epidemiology of Taenia solium infection in the Russian Federation in the last 20 years: a systematic review. in Journal of Helminthology
Cambridge University Press., 95, e49.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X21000432

Bobić B, Ćirković V, Klun I, Štajner T, Srbljanović J, Bauman N, Đurković-Đaković O. Epidemiology of Taenia solium infection in the Russian Federation in the last 20 years: a systematic review. in Journal of Helminthology. 2021;95:e49.
doi:10.1017/S0022149X21000432 .

Bobić, Branko, Ćirković, Vladimir, Klun, Ivana, Štajner, Tijana, Srbljanović, Jelena, Bauman, Neda, Đurković-Đaković, Olgica, "Epidemiology of Taenia solium infection in the Russian Federation in the last 20 years: a systematic review" in Journal of Helminthology, 95 (2021):e49,
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X21000432 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nedisan, Maria E.
AU  - Gyorke, Adriana
AU  - Stefanut, Cristina L.
AU  - Kalmar, Zsuzsa
AU  - Friss, Zsuzsa
AU  - Blaga, Radu
AU  - Blaizot, Amandine
AU  - Toma-Naić, Andra
AU  - Mircean, Viorica
AU  - Schares, Gereon
AU  - Đurković-Đaković, Olgica
AU  - Klun, Ivana
AU  - Villena, Isabelle
AU  - Cozma, Vasile
PY  - 2021
UR  - http://rimi.imi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1078
AB  - Toxoplasma gondii is a widespread zoonotic protozoan that infects most species of mammals and birds, including poultry. This study aimed to investigate the course of T. gondii infection and the efficacy of diclazuril and Artemisia annua in preventing infection in experimentally infected chickens. Seventy-five 1-month-old chickens, female and male, were randomly divided into five groups (n = 15 each) as follows: (1) uninfected untreated (negative control, NC); (2) infected with T. gondii genotype II/III isolated from a wild cat (group WC); (3) infected with T. gondii genotype II isolated from a domestic cat (group DC); (4) infected with T. gondii domestic cat strain and treated with the anticoccidial diclazuril (group DC-D); and (5) infected with T. gondii domestic cat strain and treated with the medicinal plant Artemisia annua (group DC-A). Clinical signs, body temperature, mortality rate, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, hematological parameters, and the presence of T. gondii-specific IgY antibodies were recorded in all groups. Five chickens per group were euthanized 28 days post-infection (p.i.) and their brains, hearts, and breast muscle tested for T. gondii by mouse bioassay and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). No clinical signs related to the experimental infection were observed throughout the study period. T. gondii-specific antibodies were detected by day 28 p.i., but not in all infected chickens. Overall, T. gondii DNA was detected (bioassay or tissue digests) in all infected and untreated chickens (10/10), while viable parasite (bioassay) was isolated from 7 out of 10 chickens. The parasite was most frequently identified in the brain (7/10). There were no differences in the T. gondii strains regarding clinical infection and the rate of T. gondii detection in tissues. However, higher antibody titers were obtained in chickens infected with T. gondii WC strain (1:192) comparing with T. gondii DC strain (1:48). A. annua reduced replication of the parasite in 3 out of 5 chickens, while diclazuril did not. In conclusion, broiler chickens were resistant to clinical toxoplasmosis, irrespective of the strain (domestic or wild cat strain). The herb A. annua presented prophylactic efficacy by reduced parasite replication. However, further studies are required aiming at the efficacy of diclazuril and A. annua for the prevention of T. gondii infection in chickens using quantitative analysis methods.
PB  - Springer, New York
T2  - Parasitology Research
T1  - Experimental infection with Toxoplasma gondii in broiler chickens (Gallus domesticus): seroconversion, tissue cyst distribution, and prophylaxis
EP  - 603
IS  - 2
SP  - 593
VL  - 120
DO  - 10.1007/s00436-020-06984-x
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Nedisan, Maria E. and Gyorke, Adriana and Stefanut, Cristina L. and Kalmar, Zsuzsa and Friss, Zsuzsa and Blaga, Radu and Blaizot, Amandine and Toma-Naić, Andra and Mircean, Viorica and Schares, Gereon and Đurković-Đaković, Olgica and Klun, Ivana and Villena, Isabelle and Cozma, Vasile",
year = "2021",
abstract = "Toxoplasma gondii is a widespread zoonotic protozoan that infects most species of mammals and birds, including poultry. This study aimed to investigate the course of T. gondii infection and the efficacy of diclazuril and Artemisia annua in preventing infection in experimentally infected chickens. Seventy-five 1-month-old chickens, female and male, were randomly divided into five groups (n = 15 each) as follows: (1) uninfected untreated (negative control, NC); (2) infected with T. gondii genotype II/III isolated from a wild cat (group WC); (3) infected with T. gondii genotype II isolated from a domestic cat (group DC); (4) infected with T. gondii domestic cat strain and treated with the anticoccidial diclazuril (group DC-D); and (5) infected with T. gondii domestic cat strain and treated with the medicinal plant Artemisia annua (group DC-A). Clinical signs, body temperature, mortality rate, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, hematological parameters, and the presence of T. gondii-specific IgY antibodies were recorded in all groups. Five chickens per group were euthanized 28 days post-infection (p.i.) and their brains, hearts, and breast muscle tested for T. gondii by mouse bioassay and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). No clinical signs related to the experimental infection were observed throughout the study period. T. gondii-specific antibodies were detected by day 28 p.i., but not in all infected chickens. Overall, T. gondii DNA was detected (bioassay or tissue digests) in all infected and untreated chickens (10/10), while viable parasite (bioassay) was isolated from 7 out of 10 chickens. The parasite was most frequently identified in the brain (7/10). There were no differences in the T. gondii strains regarding clinical infection and the rate of T. gondii detection in tissues. However, higher antibody titers were obtained in chickens infected with T. gondii WC strain (1:192) comparing with T. gondii DC strain (1:48). A. annua reduced replication of the parasite in 3 out of 5 chickens, while diclazuril did not. In conclusion, broiler chickens were resistant to clinical toxoplasmosis, irrespective of the strain (domestic or wild cat strain). The herb A. annua presented prophylactic efficacy by reduced parasite replication. However, further studies are required aiming at the efficacy of diclazuril and A. annua for the prevention of T. gondii infection in chickens using quantitative analysis methods.",
publisher = "Springer, New York",
journal = "Parasitology Research",
title = "Experimental infection with Toxoplasma gondii in broiler chickens (Gallus domesticus): seroconversion, tissue cyst distribution, and prophylaxis",
pages = "603-593",
number = "2",
volume = "120",
doi = "10.1007/s00436-020-06984-x"
}

Nedisan, M. E., Gyorke, A., Stefanut, C. L., Kalmar, Z., Friss, Z., Blaga, R., Blaizot, A., Toma-Naić, A., Mircean, V., Schares, G., Đurković-Đaković, O., Klun, I., Villena, I.,& Cozma, V.. (2021). Experimental infection with Toxoplasma gondii in broiler chickens (Gallus domesticus): seroconversion, tissue cyst distribution, and prophylaxis. in Parasitology Research
Springer, New York., 120(2), 593-603.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-020-06984-x

Nedisan ME, Gyorke A, Stefanut CL, Kalmar Z, Friss Z, Blaga R, Blaizot A, Toma-Naić A, Mircean V, Schares G, Đurković-Đaković O, Klun I, Villena I, Cozma V. Experimental infection with Toxoplasma gondii in broiler chickens (Gallus domesticus): seroconversion, tissue cyst distribution, and prophylaxis. in Parasitology Research. 2021;120(2):593-603.
doi:10.1007/s00436-020-06984-x .

Nedisan, Maria E., Gyorke, Adriana, Stefanut, Cristina L., Kalmar, Zsuzsa, Friss, Zsuzsa, Blaga, Radu, Blaizot, Amandine, Toma-Naić, Andra, Mircean, Viorica, Schares, Gereon, Đurković-Đaković, Olgica, Klun, Ivana, Villena, Isabelle, Cozma, Vasile, "Experimental infection with Toxoplasma gondii in broiler chickens (Gallus domesticus): seroconversion, tissue cyst distribution, and prophylaxis" in Parasitology Research, 120, no. 2 (2021):593-603,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-020-06984-x . .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Betić, Nikola
AU  - Klun, Ivana
AU  - Đorđević, Vesna Ž.
AU  - Branković Lazić, Ivana
AU  - Baltić, Tatjana M.
AU  - Vasilev, Dragan
AU  - Karabasil, Neđeljko
PY  - 2021
UR  - http://rimi.imi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1195
AB  - Infection with the apicomplexan protozoon Toxoplasma gondii is one of the most prevalent parasitic zoonotic infections globally, with existing seroprevalences varying between continents, countries, and even within countries and between individual communities. It is estimated that one third of the world's human population is infected with T. gondii, with many studies showing that the dominant mode of infection is consumption of undercooked meat harbouring T. gondii tissue cysts. Prevalences of infection in food animals in different countries range from 0 to 93%. Because of the absence of clinical symptoms in infected animals, and the unfeasibility of rapid and unequivocal detection of microscopic tissue cysts in pork, infected pigs remain unrecognized, and their meat becomes an essential source of infection for humans. The data on T. gondii infection in pigs in Serbia from several studies, as well as on the detection of the parasite in different food categories, from fresh pork to heat-treated products, are discussed.
C3  - IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 61st International Meat Industry Conference 26-29 September 2021, Zlatibor, Serbia
T1  - Toxoplasma gondii in pork and pigs in Serbia – a real food safety hazard
IS  - 1
SP  - 012008
VL  - 854
DO  - 10.1088/1755-1315/854/1/012008
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Betić, Nikola and Klun, Ivana and Đorđević, Vesna Ž. and Branković Lazić, Ivana and Baltić, Tatjana M. and Vasilev, Dragan and Karabasil, Neđeljko",
year = "2021",
abstract = "Infection with the apicomplexan protozoon Toxoplasma gondii is one of the most prevalent parasitic zoonotic infections globally, with existing seroprevalences varying between continents, countries, and even within countries and between individual communities. It is estimated that one third of the world's human population is infected with T. gondii, with many studies showing that the dominant mode of infection is consumption of undercooked meat harbouring T. gondii tissue cysts. Prevalences of infection in food animals in different countries range from 0 to 93%. Because of the absence of clinical symptoms in infected animals, and the unfeasibility of rapid and unequivocal detection of microscopic tissue cysts in pork, infected pigs remain unrecognized, and their meat becomes an essential source of infection for humans. The data on T. gondii infection in pigs in Serbia from several studies, as well as on the detection of the parasite in different food categories, from fresh pork to heat-treated products, are discussed.",
journal = "IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 61st International Meat Industry Conference 26-29 September 2021, Zlatibor, Serbia",
title = "Toxoplasma gondii in pork and pigs in Serbia – a real food safety hazard",
number = "1",
pages = "012008",
volume = "854",
doi = "10.1088/1755-1315/854/1/012008"
}

Betić, N., Klun, I., Đorđević, V. Ž., Branković Lazić, I., Baltić, T. M., Vasilev, D.,& Karabasil, N.. (2021). Toxoplasma gondii in pork and pigs in Serbia – a real food safety hazard. in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 61st International Meat Industry Conference 26-29 September 2021, Zlatibor, Serbia, 854(1), 012008.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/854/1/012008

Betić N, Klun I, Đorđević VŽ, Branković Lazić I, Baltić TM, Vasilev D, Karabasil N. Toxoplasma gondii in pork and pigs in Serbia – a real food safety hazard. in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 61st International Meat Industry Conference 26-29 September 2021, Zlatibor, Serbia. 2021;854(1):012008.
doi:10.1088/1755-1315/854/1/012008 .

Betić, Nikola, Klun, Ivana, Đorđević, Vesna Ž., Branković Lazić, Ivana, Baltić, Tatjana M., Vasilev, Dragan, Karabasil, Neđeljko, "Toxoplasma gondii in pork and pigs in Serbia – a real food safety hazard" in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 61st International Meat Industry Conference 26-29 September 2021, Zlatibor, Serbia, 854, no. 1 (2021):012008,
https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/854/1/012008 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bauman, Neda
AU  - Ilić, Anđelija
AU  - Lijeskić, Olivera
AU  - Uzelac, Aleksandra
AU  - Klun, Ivana
AU  - Srbljanović, Jelena
AU  - Ćirković, Vladimir
AU  - Bobić, Branko
AU  - Štajner, Tijana
AU  - Đurković-Đaković, Olgica
PY  - 2020
UR  - http://rimi.imi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1046
AB  - Toxoplasma gondiiis an obligate intracellular parasite infecting up to one third of the human population. The central event in the pathogenesis of toxoplasmosis is the conversion of tachyzoites into encysted bradyzoites. A novel approach to analyze the structure ofin vivo-derived tissue cysts may be the increasingly used computational image analysis. The objective of this study was to quantify the geometrical complexity ofT.gondiicysts by morphological, particle, and fractal analysis, as well as to determine if it is impacted by parasite strain, cyst age, and host type. A total of 31 images ofT.gondiibrain cysts of four type-2 strains (Me49, and local isolates BGD1, BGD14, and BGD26) was analyzed using ImageJ software. The parameters of interest included diameter, circularity, packing density (PD), fractal dimension (FD), and lacunarity. Although cyst diameter varied widely, its negative correlation with PD was observed. Circularity was remarkably close to 1, indicating a perfectly round shape of the cysts. PD and FD did not vary among cysts of different strains, age, and derived from mice of different genetic background. Conversely, lacunarity, which is a measure of heterogeneity, was significantly lower for BGD1 strain vs. all other strains, and higher for Me49 vs. BGD14 and BGD26, but did not differ among Me49 cysts of different age, or those derived from genetically different mice. The results indicate a highly uniform structure and occupancy of the differentT.gondiitissue cysts. This study furthers the use of image analysis in describing the structural complexity ofT.gondiicyst morphology, and presents the first application of fractal analysis for this purpose. The presented results show that use of a freely available software is a cost-effective approach to advance automated image scoring forT.gondiicysts.
PB  - Public Library Science, San Francisco
T2  - PLoS One
T1  - Computational image analysis reveals the structural complexity ofToxoplasma gondiitissue cysts
IS  - 8
SP  - e0234169
VL  - 15
DO  - 10.1371/journal.pone.0234169
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Bauman, Neda and Ilić, Anđelija and Lijeskić, Olivera and Uzelac, Aleksandra and Klun, Ivana and Srbljanović, Jelena and Ćirković, Vladimir and Bobić, Branko and Štajner, Tijana and Đurković-Đaković, Olgica",
year = "2020",
abstract = "Toxoplasma gondiiis an obligate intracellular parasite infecting up to one third of the human population. The central event in the pathogenesis of toxoplasmosis is the conversion of tachyzoites into encysted bradyzoites. A novel approach to analyze the structure ofin vivo-derived tissue cysts may be the increasingly used computational image analysis. The objective of this study was to quantify the geometrical complexity ofT.gondiicysts by morphological, particle, and fractal analysis, as well as to determine if it is impacted by parasite strain, cyst age, and host type. A total of 31 images ofT.gondiibrain cysts of four type-2 strains (Me49, and local isolates BGD1, BGD14, and BGD26) was analyzed using ImageJ software. The parameters of interest included diameter, circularity, packing density (PD), fractal dimension (FD), and lacunarity. Although cyst diameter varied widely, its negative correlation with PD was observed. Circularity was remarkably close to 1, indicating a perfectly round shape of the cysts. PD and FD did not vary among cysts of different strains, age, and derived from mice of different genetic background. Conversely, lacunarity, which is a measure of heterogeneity, was significantly lower for BGD1 strain vs. all other strains, and higher for Me49 vs. BGD14 and BGD26, but did not differ among Me49 cysts of different age, or those derived from genetically different mice. The results indicate a highly uniform structure and occupancy of the differentT.gondiitissue cysts. This study furthers the use of image analysis in describing the structural complexity ofT.gondiicyst morphology, and presents the first application of fractal analysis for this purpose. The presented results show that use of a freely available software is a cost-effective approach to advance automated image scoring forT.gondiicysts.",
publisher = "Public Library Science, San Francisco",
journal = "PLoS One",
title = "Computational image analysis reveals the structural complexity ofToxoplasma gondiitissue cysts",
number = "8",
pages = "e0234169",
volume = "15",
doi = "10.1371/journal.pone.0234169"
}

Bauman, N., Ilić, A., Lijeskić, O., Uzelac, A., Klun, I., Srbljanović, J., Ćirković, V., Bobić, B., Štajner, T.,& Đurković-Đaković, O.. (2020). Computational image analysis reveals the structural complexity ofToxoplasma gondiitissue cysts. in PLoS One
Public Library Science, San Francisco., 15(8), e0234169.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0234169

Bauman N, Ilić A, Lijeskić O, Uzelac A, Klun I, Srbljanović J, Ćirković V, Bobić B, Štajner T, Đurković-Đaković O. Computational image analysis reveals the structural complexity ofToxoplasma gondiitissue cysts. in PLoS One. 2020;15(8):e0234169.
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0234169 .

Bauman, Neda, Ilić, Anđelija, Lijeskić, Olivera, Uzelac, Aleksandra, Klun, Ivana, Srbljanović, Jelena, Ćirković, Vladimir, Bobić, Branko, Štajner, Tijana, Đurković-Đaković, Olgica, "Computational image analysis reveals the structural complexity ofToxoplasma gondiitissue cysts" in PLoS One, 15, no. 8 (2020):e0234169,
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0234169 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ćirković, Vladimir
AU  - Klun, Ivana
AU  - Utaaker, Kjersti Selstad
AU  - Uzelac, Aleksandra
AU  - Tysnes, Kristoffer R.
AU  - Robertson, Lucy J.
AU  - Đurković-Đaković, Olgica
PY  - 2020
UR  - http://rimi.imi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/999
AB  - Giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis are recognized by the WHO as important emerging diseases of the 21st century. Symptoms are similar and include diarrhoea and vomiting, which may be severe, even life-threatening, for the immunocompromised and children under five years of age. Between 2013 and 2017, the Institute for Public Health in Serbia recorded 10 waterborne epidemics that manifested as gastrointestinal disease. Routine testing for enteropathogenic bacteria and viruses did not identify the aetiological agents of these outbreaks. As water is not examined for the presence of protozoa in Serbia, we performed a pilot study to analyse samples from four major rivers and their tributaries using a newly implemented methodology for detection of Giardia and Cryptosporidium, based on the ISO 15553:2006 standard. Using immunofluorescence microscopy, Giardia was detected in 10 out of the 31 samples, Cryptosporidium in five, while two samples were positive for both. Presence of G. duodenalis gDNA was confirmed by amplification of the beta-giardin gene in eight samples, of which one and two, respectively, were identified by RFLP as potentially zoonotic assemblages A and B. The results suggest that surface water in Serbia may be a potential source of infection and call for more in-depth studies using sophisticated molecular tools.
PB  - Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, San Diego
T2  - Experimental Parasitology
T1  - Surface waters as a potential source of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in Serbia
SP  - 107824
VL  - 209
DO  - 10.1016/j.exppara.2019.107824
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Ćirković, Vladimir and Klun, Ivana and Utaaker, Kjersti Selstad and Uzelac, Aleksandra and Tysnes, Kristoffer R. and Robertson, Lucy J. and Đurković-Đaković, Olgica",
year = "2020",
abstract = "Giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis are recognized by the WHO as important emerging diseases of the 21st century. Symptoms are similar and include diarrhoea and vomiting, which may be severe, even life-threatening, for the immunocompromised and children under five years of age. Between 2013 and 2017, the Institute for Public Health in Serbia recorded 10 waterborne epidemics that manifested as gastrointestinal disease. Routine testing for enteropathogenic bacteria and viruses did not identify the aetiological agents of these outbreaks. As water is not examined for the presence of protozoa in Serbia, we performed a pilot study to analyse samples from four major rivers and their tributaries using a newly implemented methodology for detection of Giardia and Cryptosporidium, based on the ISO 15553:2006 standard. Using immunofluorescence microscopy, Giardia was detected in 10 out of the 31 samples, Cryptosporidium in five, while two samples were positive for both. Presence of G. duodenalis gDNA was confirmed by amplification of the beta-giardin gene in eight samples, of which one and two, respectively, were identified by RFLP as potentially zoonotic assemblages A and B. The results suggest that surface water in Serbia may be a potential source of infection and call for more in-depth studies using sophisticated molecular tools.",
publisher = "Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, San Diego",
journal = "Experimental Parasitology",
title = "Surface waters as a potential source of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in Serbia",
pages = "107824",
volume = "209",
doi = "10.1016/j.exppara.2019.107824"
}

Ćirković, V., Klun, I., Utaaker, K. S., Uzelac, A., Tysnes, K. R., Robertson, L. J.,& Đurković-Đaković, O.. (2020). Surface waters as a potential source of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in Serbia. in Experimental Parasitology
Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, San Diego., 209, 107824.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2019.107824

Ćirković V, Klun I, Utaaker KS, Uzelac A, Tysnes KR, Robertson LJ, Đurković-Đaković O. Surface waters as a potential source of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in Serbia. in Experimental Parasitology. 2020;209:107824.
doi:10.1016/j.exppara.2019.107824 .

Ćirković, Vladimir, Klun, Ivana, Utaaker, Kjersti Selstad, Uzelac, Aleksandra, Tysnes, Kristoffer R., Robertson, Lucy J., Đurković-Đaković, Olgica, "Surface waters as a potential source of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in Serbia" in Experimental Parasitology, 209 (2020):107824,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2019.107824 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ćirković, Vladimir
AU  - Uzelac, Aleksandra
AU  - Miličić, Dragana
AU  - Klun, Ivana
AU  - Đurković-Đaković, Olgica
PY  - 2020
UR  - http://rimi.imi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1009
AB  - Toxoplasma gondii is one of the most successful parasites in the world. Its life form found in the environment, where it may stay viable for a year or more, is the oocyst, excreted by members of the family Felidae as the definite host. During the past decades, several waterborne epidemics of toxoplasmosis worldwide indicated the importance of water as a source of T. gondii infection. In Serbia, detection of oocysts in water has not been previously performed and, therefore, there are no data regarding the presence of T. gondii in Serbian rivers. To fill this gap, surface water samples (n=20) were collected from four major rivers and their tributaries throughout Serbia. The samples were concentrated by filtration and total DNA was extracted from the pellet using a commercial kit. Next, the samples were screened for T. gondii DNA by amplification of the 529 bp repeat fragment by conventional PCR. Three positive samples were detected and all three were confirmed by amplification of GRA6 and SAG2 genes. This first detection of T. gondii in river waters in Serbia suggests that the examined rivers are contaminated with this protozoan, which makes them a potential source of infection. In addition, this study has shown that the used PCR methodology can successfully detect T. gondii in water samples.
PB  - Inst Zoology, Bas, Sofia
T2  - Acta Zoologica Bulgarica
T1  - First Detection of Toxoplasma gondii (Nicolle & Manceaux, 1908) (Eucoccidiorida: Sarcocystidae) in River Waters in Serbia
EP  - 83
SP  - 79
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimi_1009
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Ćirković, Vladimir and Uzelac, Aleksandra and Miličić, Dragana and Klun, Ivana and Đurković-Đaković, Olgica",
year = "2020",
abstract = "Toxoplasma gondii is one of the most successful parasites in the world. Its life form found in the environment, where it may stay viable for a year or more, is the oocyst, excreted by members of the family Felidae as the definite host. During the past decades, several waterborne epidemics of toxoplasmosis worldwide indicated the importance of water as a source of T. gondii infection. In Serbia, detection of oocysts in water has not been previously performed and, therefore, there are no data regarding the presence of T. gondii in Serbian rivers. To fill this gap, surface water samples (n=20) were collected from four major rivers and their tributaries throughout Serbia. The samples were concentrated by filtration and total DNA was extracted from the pellet using a commercial kit. Next, the samples were screened for T. gondii DNA by amplification of the 529 bp repeat fragment by conventional PCR. Three positive samples were detected and all three were confirmed by amplification of GRA6 and SAG2 genes. This first detection of T. gondii in river waters in Serbia suggests that the examined rivers are contaminated with this protozoan, which makes them a potential source of infection. In addition, this study has shown that the used PCR methodology can successfully detect T. gondii in water samples.",
publisher = "Inst Zoology, Bas, Sofia",
journal = "Acta Zoologica Bulgarica",
title = "First Detection of Toxoplasma gondii (Nicolle & Manceaux, 1908) (Eucoccidiorida: Sarcocystidae) in River Waters in Serbia",
pages = "83-79",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimi_1009"
}

Ćirković, V., Uzelac, A., Miličić, D., Klun, I.,& Đurković-Đaković, O.. (2020). First Detection of Toxoplasma gondii (Nicolle & Manceaux, 1908) (Eucoccidiorida: Sarcocystidae) in River Waters in Serbia. in Acta Zoologica Bulgarica
Inst Zoology, Bas, Sofia., 79-83.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimi_1009

Ćirković V, Uzelac A, Miličić D, Klun I, Đurković-Đaković O. First Detection of Toxoplasma gondii (Nicolle & Manceaux, 1908) (Eucoccidiorida: Sarcocystidae) in River Waters in Serbia. in Acta Zoologica Bulgarica. 2020;:79-83.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimi_1009 .

Ćirković, Vladimir, Uzelac, Aleksandra, Miličić, Dragana, Klun, Ivana, Đurković-Đaković, Olgica, "First Detection of Toxoplasma gondii (Nicolle & Manceaux, 1908) (Eucoccidiorida: Sarcocystidae) in River Waters in Serbia" in Acta Zoologica Bulgarica (2020):79-83,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimi_1009 .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Uzelac, Aleksandra
AU  - Klun, Ivana
AU  - Ćirković, Vladimir
AU  - Đurković-Đaković, Olgica
PY  - 2020
UR  - http://rimi.imi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1015
AB  - Toxoplasma gondii archetypes II and III are mildly virulent, yet virulence of variant strains is largely unknown. While lineage II dominates in humans in Europe, lineage III strains are present in various intermediate hosts. In Serbia, lineage III represents 24% of the population structure and occurs most frequently in domestic animals, implying a significant presence in the human food web. In this study, the virulence of four genetically distinct lineage III variants was assessed in vivo and in vitro. In vivo, two strains were shown to be intermediately virulent and two mildly virulent, with cumulative mortalities of 69.4%, 38.8%, 10.7%, and 6.8%, respectively. The strain with the highest mortality has previously been isolated in Europe and may be endemic; the strain with the lowest mortality matches ToxoDB#54, while the remaining two represent novel genotypes. Identical alleles were detected at ROP5, ROP16, ROP18, and GRA15. A set of in vitro analyses revealed proliferation and plaque formation as virulence factors. Higher levels of expression of ENO2 in intermediately virulent strains point to enhanced metabolism as the underlying mechanism. The results suggest that metabolic attenuation, and possibly stage conversion, may be delayed in virulent strains.
PB  - MDPI, Basel
T2  - Microorganisms
T1  - In Vivo and In Vitro Virulence Analysis of Four Genetically Distinct Toxoplasma gondii Lineage III Isolates
IS  - 11
VL  - 8
DO  - 10.3390/microorganisms8111702
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Uzelac, Aleksandra and Klun, Ivana and Ćirković, Vladimir and Đurković-Đaković, Olgica",
year = "2020",
abstract = "Toxoplasma gondii archetypes II and III are mildly virulent, yet virulence of variant strains is largely unknown. While lineage II dominates in humans in Europe, lineage III strains are present in various intermediate hosts. In Serbia, lineage III represents 24% of the population structure and occurs most frequently in domestic animals, implying a significant presence in the human food web. In this study, the virulence of four genetically distinct lineage III variants was assessed in vivo and in vitro. In vivo, two strains were shown to be intermediately virulent and two mildly virulent, with cumulative mortalities of 69.4%, 38.8%, 10.7%, and 6.8%, respectively. The strain with the highest mortality has previously been isolated in Europe and may be endemic; the strain with the lowest mortality matches ToxoDB#54, while the remaining two represent novel genotypes. Identical alleles were detected at ROP5, ROP16, ROP18, and GRA15. A set of in vitro analyses revealed proliferation and plaque formation as virulence factors. Higher levels of expression of ENO2 in intermediately virulent strains point to enhanced metabolism as the underlying mechanism. The results suggest that metabolic attenuation, and possibly stage conversion, may be delayed in virulent strains.",
publisher = "MDPI, Basel",
journal = "Microorganisms",
title = "In Vivo and In Vitro Virulence Analysis of Four Genetically Distinct Toxoplasma gondii Lineage III Isolates",
number = "11",
volume = "8",
doi = "10.3390/microorganisms8111702"
}

Uzelac, A., Klun, I., Ćirković, V.,& Đurković-Đaković, O.. (2020). In Vivo and In Vitro Virulence Analysis of Four Genetically Distinct Toxoplasma gondii Lineage III Isolates. in Microorganisms
MDPI, Basel., 8(11).
https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8111702

Uzelac A, Klun I, Ćirković V, Đurković-Đaković O. In Vivo and In Vitro Virulence Analysis of Four Genetically Distinct Toxoplasma gondii Lineage III Isolates. in Microorganisms. 2020;8(11).
doi:10.3390/microorganisms8111702 .

Uzelac, Aleksandra, Klun, Ivana, Ćirković, Vladimir, Đurković-Đaković, Olgica, "In Vivo and In Vitro Virulence Analysis of Four Genetically Distinct Toxoplasma gondii Lineage III Isolates" in Microorganisms, 8, no. 11 (2020),
https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8111702 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Torgerson, Paul R.
AU  - Robertson, Lucy J.
AU  - Enemarkx, Heidi L.
AU  - Foehr, Junwei
AU  - van der Giessen, Joke
AU  - Kapel, Christian M. O.
AU  - Klun, Ivana
AU  - Trevisan, Chiara
PY  - 2020
UR  - http://rimi.imi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1057
AB  - Author summary Echinococcus granulosusandE.multilocularisare zoonotic parasites that cause human cystic (CE) and alveolar (AE) echinococcosis, respectively, in humans: both diseases resulting in a substantial burden of disease. They are transmitted to humans via wild or domestic caniid definitive hosts. This study aimed at finding and evaluating the source attribution of echinococcosis and provides evidence that transmission by direct contact with the definitive hosts perhaps results in 26.1% and 34.4% cases of CE and AE, respectively. Indirect transmission by contaminated water may result in 29.4% and 24.8% of cases of CE and AE, respectively. There is evidence that indirect transmission through contaminated food may result in 23.5% of cases of CE globally. Contaminated food may result in 32.5% of cases of AE, but only in low incidence regions such as Europe. In areas of high human incidence such as China, the evidence for foodborne AE was not convincing. Other sources of transmission such as contact with a contaminated environment result in approximately 30.4% of CE cases and 11.1% of AE cases. Background A substantial proportion of echinococcosis transmission to humans via contamination of food has been assumed. However, the relative importance of food as a transmission vehicle has previously been estimated through expert opinion rather than empirical data. Objective To find and evaluate empirical data that could be used to estimate the source attribution of echinococcosis, in particular the proportion that is transmitted through contaminated food. Methods A systematic review was undertaken to identify reports on the risk factors for human cystic (CE) and alveolar (AE) echinococcosis. Data bases searched included PubMed, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, Cab Direct, Science Direct, Google Scholar, eLIBRARY.RU, CyberLeninka, CNKI and VIP. Search terms included Echinococc*, hydatid, epidemiology, logistic regression, risk factors, odds ratio, relative risk, risk factors. Reports, including grey literature where available, that had suitable data were selected and data were extracted. The main pathways of transmission were hypothesised to be contact with the definitive host, contaminated water, contaminated food and contaminated environment (other than food). For each study the attributable fraction for these potential sources of infection was calculated from the data presented. A meta-analysis was then undertaken to obtain pooled estimates for the relative contribution of these transmission pathways. Results Data from 28 cross-sectional studies and 14 case-control studies were extracted. There was strong evidence for transmission by direct contact with dogs for both CE and AE. The estimated attributable fractions were 26.1% (CI 13.8%-39.6%) and 34.4% (CI 20.7% -48.2%) respectively. Transmission through contaminated water was estimated to be responsible for approximately 29.4% (CI 12.1%-51.7%) for CE and 24.8% (CI 10.6% to 42.6%) for AE. Contaminated food may be responsible for approximately 23.4% of CE cases (CI 2.1%-47.3%). Globally, there was insufficient evidence to conclude AE can be transmitted by food, although case control studies from low human incidence areas suggested that possibly 32.5% (CI 10.0%-53.2%) could be transmitted by food. There was also insufficient evidence that direct contact with foxes was a significant source of human disease. There were no suitable studies with a risk of environmental contact reported, but the residual attributable fraction thatwould likely include this pathway was approximately 30.4% for CE and 11.1% for AE. Conclusions The results support the hypothesis that dog contact and drinking contaminated water are major pathways of transmission of both CE and AE. For contaminated food, the results are less consistent, but suggest that it is an important transmission pathway and provide better evidence than expert elicitations as previously used.
PB  - Public Library Science, San Francisco
T2  - PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
T1  - Source attribution of human echinococcosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
IS  - 6
VL  - 14
DO  - 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008382
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Torgerson, Paul R. and Robertson, Lucy J. and Enemarkx, Heidi L. and Foehr, Junwei and van der Giessen, Joke and Kapel, Christian M. O. and Klun, Ivana and Trevisan, Chiara",
year = "2020",
abstract = "Author summary Echinococcus granulosusandE.multilocularisare zoonotic parasites that cause human cystic (CE) and alveolar (AE) echinococcosis, respectively, in humans: both diseases resulting in a substantial burden of disease. They are transmitted to humans via wild or domestic caniid definitive hosts. This study aimed at finding and evaluating the source attribution of echinococcosis and provides evidence that transmission by direct contact with the definitive hosts perhaps results in 26.1% and 34.4% cases of CE and AE, respectively. Indirect transmission by contaminated water may result in 29.4% and 24.8% of cases of CE and AE, respectively. There is evidence that indirect transmission through contaminated food may result in 23.5% of cases of CE globally. Contaminated food may result in 32.5% of cases of AE, but only in low incidence regions such as Europe. In areas of high human incidence such as China, the evidence for foodborne AE was not convincing. Other sources of transmission such as contact with a contaminated environment result in approximately 30.4% of CE cases and 11.1% of AE cases. Background A substantial proportion of echinococcosis transmission to humans via contamination of food has been assumed. However, the relative importance of food as a transmission vehicle has previously been estimated through expert opinion rather than empirical data. Objective To find and evaluate empirical data that could be used to estimate the source attribution of echinococcosis, in particular the proportion that is transmitted through contaminated food. Methods A systematic review was undertaken to identify reports on the risk factors for human cystic (CE) and alveolar (AE) echinococcosis. Data bases searched included PubMed, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, Cab Direct, Science Direct, Google Scholar, eLIBRARY.RU, CyberLeninka, CNKI and VIP. Search terms included Echinococc*, hydatid, epidemiology, logistic regression, risk factors, odds ratio, relative risk, risk factors. Reports, including grey literature where available, that had suitable data were selected and data were extracted. The main pathways of transmission were hypothesised to be contact with the definitive host, contaminated water, contaminated food and contaminated environment (other than food). For each study the attributable fraction for these potential sources of infection was calculated from the data presented. A meta-analysis was then undertaken to obtain pooled estimates for the relative contribution of these transmission pathways. Results Data from 28 cross-sectional studies and 14 case-control studies were extracted. There was strong evidence for transmission by direct contact with dogs for both CE and AE. The estimated attributable fractions were 26.1% (CI 13.8%-39.6%) and 34.4% (CI 20.7% -48.2%) respectively. Transmission through contaminated water was estimated to be responsible for approximately 29.4% (CI 12.1%-51.7%) for CE and 24.8% (CI 10.6% to 42.6%) for AE. Contaminated food may be responsible for approximately 23.4% of CE cases (CI 2.1%-47.3%). Globally, there was insufficient evidence to conclude AE can be transmitted by food, although case control studies from low human incidence areas suggested that possibly 32.5% (CI 10.0%-53.2%) could be transmitted by food. There was also insufficient evidence that direct contact with foxes was a significant source of human disease. There were no suitable studies with a risk of environmental contact reported, but the residual attributable fraction thatwould likely include this pathway was approximately 30.4% for CE and 11.1% for AE. Conclusions The results support the hypothesis that dog contact and drinking contaminated water are major pathways of transmission of both CE and AE. For contaminated food, the results are less consistent, but suggest that it is an important transmission pathway and provide better evidence than expert elicitations as previously used.",
publisher = "Public Library Science, San Francisco",
journal = "PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases",
title = "Source attribution of human echinococcosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis",
number = "6",
volume = "14",
doi = "10.1371/journal.pntd.0008382"
}

Torgerson, P. R., Robertson, L. J., Enemarkx, H. L., Foehr, J., van der Giessen, J., Kapel, C. M. O., Klun, I.,& Trevisan, C.. (2020). Source attribution of human echinococcosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. in PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
Public Library Science, San Francisco., 14(6).
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008382

Torgerson PR, Robertson LJ, Enemarkx HL, Foehr J, van der Giessen J, Kapel CMO, Klun I, Trevisan C. Source attribution of human echinococcosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. in PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 2020;14(6).
doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0008382 .

Torgerson, Paul R., Robertson, Lucy J., Enemarkx, Heidi L., Foehr, Junwei, van der Giessen, Joke, Kapel, Christian M. O., Klun, Ivana, Trevisan, Chiara, "Source attribution of human echinococcosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis" in PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 14, no. 6 (2020),
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008382 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kuruca, Ljiljana
AU  - Uzelac, Aleksandra
AU  - Klun, Ivana
AU  - Lalošević, Vesna
AU  - Đurković-Đaković, Olgica
PY  - 2019
UR  - http://rimi.imi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/954
AB  - Consumption of undercooked or raw pork is considered a significant risk factor for human infection with Toxoplasma gondii. In this study, we investigated the genetic structure of 18 T. gondii strains obtained from slaughter pigs from Northern Serbia (mainly Vojvodina). The examined samples originated from eight pigs from large commercial farms, six backyard pigs and four free-range Mangalica pigs, all found to be positive for either viable T. gondii or T. gondii DNA. Genotyping was attempted from both pig tissues and mouse brains from the bioassays using a multiplex multilocus nested polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (Mn-PCR-RFLP) method with seven markers (GRA6,.lt. SAG2, PK-1, BTUB, C22-8, CS3 and Apico). Identification was achieved for nine T. gondii isolates. Seven isolates were classified as type II and two as type III. These results are consistent with previous studies on animal isolates from Serbia as well as with previous reports that type III is more frequently found in samples from Southern Europe than in those from other parts of the continent.
PB  - Akademiai Kiado Zrt, Budapest
T2  - Acta Veterinaria Hungarica
T1  - Toxoplasma gondii genotypes circulating in domestic pigs in Serbia
EP  - 211
IS  - 2
SP  - 204
VL  - 67
DO  - 10.1556/004.2019.022
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Kuruca, Ljiljana and Uzelac, Aleksandra and Klun, Ivana and Lalošević, Vesna and Đurković-Đaković, Olgica",
year = "2019",
abstract = "Consumption of undercooked or raw pork is considered a significant risk factor for human infection with Toxoplasma gondii. In this study, we investigated the genetic structure of 18 T. gondii strains obtained from slaughter pigs from Northern Serbia (mainly Vojvodina). The examined samples originated from eight pigs from large commercial farms, six backyard pigs and four free-range Mangalica pigs, all found to be positive for either viable T. gondii or T. gondii DNA. Genotyping was attempted from both pig tissues and mouse brains from the bioassays using a multiplex multilocus nested polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (Mn-PCR-RFLP) method with seven markers (GRA6,.lt. SAG2, PK-1, BTUB, C22-8, CS3 and Apico). Identification was achieved for nine T. gondii isolates. Seven isolates were classified as type II and two as type III. These results are consistent with previous studies on animal isolates from Serbia as well as with previous reports that type III is more frequently found in samples from Southern Europe than in those from other parts of the continent.",
publisher = "Akademiai Kiado Zrt, Budapest",
journal = "Acta Veterinaria Hungarica",
title = "Toxoplasma gondii genotypes circulating in domestic pigs in Serbia",
pages = "211-204",
number = "2",
volume = "67",
doi = "10.1556/004.2019.022"
}

Kuruca, L., Uzelac, A., Klun, I., Lalošević, V.,& Đurković-Đaković, O.. (2019). Toxoplasma gondii genotypes circulating in domestic pigs in Serbia. in Acta Veterinaria Hungarica
Akademiai Kiado Zrt, Budapest., 67(2), 204-211.
https://doi.org/10.1556/004.2019.022

Kuruca L, Uzelac A, Klun I, Lalošević V, Đurković-Đaković O. Toxoplasma gondii genotypes circulating in domestic pigs in Serbia. in Acta Veterinaria Hungarica. 2019;67(2):204-211.
doi:10.1556/004.2019.022 .

Kuruca, Ljiljana, Uzelac, Aleksandra, Klun, Ivana, Lalošević, Vesna, Đurković-Đaković, Olgica, "Toxoplasma gondii genotypes circulating in domestic pigs in Serbia" in Acta Veterinaria Hungarica, 67, no. 2 (2019):204-211,
https://doi.org/10.1556/004.2019.022 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stopić, Milena
AU  - Bobić, Branko
AU  - Dakić, Zorica
AU  - Srbljanović, Jelena
AU  - Štajner, Tijana
AU  - Konstantinović, Neda M.
AU  - Srećković, Katarina
AU  - Klun, Ivana
AU  - Korac, Miloš
AU  - Đurković-Đaković, Olgica
PY  - 2019
UR  - http://rimi.imi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/909
AB  - Objectives: As is the case for all of Southeast Europe, Serbia is an area traditionally endemic for Taenia saginata and Taenia solium infections. This study was performed to analyse the epidemiological data on taeniosis and cysticercosis in Serbia for the period 1990-2018. Methods: Data on cases of T. saginata and T. solium infection were collected via a systematic search of published articles, the grey literature, and official reports, as well as by performing clinical observational studies of patients treated in the departments for infectious diseases of hospitals and university clinics in Serbia. Results: A total of 212 cases of taeniosis were reported, all between 1997 and 2004 when taeniosis was notifiable (incidence range 0.04-0.9/100 000 population/year). From 1990 to 2018, 170 cases of cysticercosis (all but one of neurocysticercosis), were registered (incidence range 0-0.29/100 000 population/year), with a strong decrease since 2000 and a single case in the last 9 years. The annual number of cases of both taeniosis (Pearson's r = 0.914, p = 0.001) and cysticercosis (Pearson's r = 0.582, p = 0.014) correlated with the consumer price index. Conclusions: In Serbia, T. saginata and T. solium infections are autochthonous but occur only sporadically. However, the potential for re-emergence exists, depending on the socio-economic state of the country.
PB  - Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford
T2  - International Journal of Infectious Diseases
T1  - Taeniosis and cysticercosis in Serbia, 1990-2018: Significance of standard of living
EP  - 141
SP  - 135
VL  - 86
DO  - 10.1016/j.ijid.2019.07.010
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Stopić, Milena and Bobić, Branko and Dakić, Zorica and Srbljanović, Jelena and Štajner, Tijana and Konstantinović, Neda M. and Srećković, Katarina and Klun, Ivana and Korac, Miloš and Đurković-Đaković, Olgica",
year = "2019",
abstract = "Objectives: As is the case for all of Southeast Europe, Serbia is an area traditionally endemic for Taenia saginata and Taenia solium infections. This study was performed to analyse the epidemiological data on taeniosis and cysticercosis in Serbia for the period 1990-2018. Methods: Data on cases of T. saginata and T. solium infection were collected via a systematic search of published articles, the grey literature, and official reports, as well as by performing clinical observational studies of patients treated in the departments for infectious diseases of hospitals and university clinics in Serbia. Results: A total of 212 cases of taeniosis were reported, all between 1997 and 2004 when taeniosis was notifiable (incidence range 0.04-0.9/100 000 population/year). From 1990 to 2018, 170 cases of cysticercosis (all but one of neurocysticercosis), were registered (incidence range 0-0.29/100 000 population/year), with a strong decrease since 2000 and a single case in the last 9 years. The annual number of cases of both taeniosis (Pearson's r = 0.914, p = 0.001) and cysticercosis (Pearson's r = 0.582, p = 0.014) correlated with the consumer price index. Conclusions: In Serbia, T. saginata and T. solium infections are autochthonous but occur only sporadically. However, the potential for re-emergence exists, depending on the socio-economic state of the country.",
publisher = "Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford",
journal = "International Journal of Infectious Diseases",
title = "Taeniosis and cysticercosis in Serbia, 1990-2018: Significance of standard of living",
pages = "141-135",
volume = "86",
doi = "10.1016/j.ijid.2019.07.010"
}

Stopić, M., Bobić, B., Dakić, Z., Srbljanović, J., Štajner, T., Konstantinović, N. M., Srećković, K., Klun, I., Korac, M.,& Đurković-Đaković, O.. (2019). Taeniosis and cysticercosis in Serbia, 1990-2018: Significance of standard of living. in International Journal of Infectious Diseases
Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford., 86, 135-141.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2019.07.010

Stopić M, Bobić B, Dakić Z, Srbljanović J, Štajner T, Konstantinović NM, Srećković K, Klun I, Korac M, Đurković-Đaković O. Taeniosis and cysticercosis in Serbia, 1990-2018: Significance of standard of living. in International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2019;86:135-141.
doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2019.07.010 .

Stopić, Milena, Bobić, Branko, Dakić, Zorica, Srbljanović, Jelena, Štajner, Tijana, Konstantinović, Neda M., Srećković, Katarina, Klun, Ivana, Korac, Miloš, Đurković-Đaković, Olgica, "Taeniosis and cysticercosis in Serbia, 1990-2018: Significance of standard of living" in International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 86 (2019):135-141,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2019.07.010 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Uzelac, Aleksandra
AU  - Klun, Ivana
AU  - Ćirović, Duško
AU  - Penezić, Aleksandra
AU  - Ćirković, Vladimir
AU  - Đurković-Đaković, Olgica
PY  - 2019
UR  - http://rimi.imi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/906
AB  - To gain insight into the population structure of the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii in wildlife in Serbia, multiplex nested PCR- RFLP was performed on T. gondii DNA positive samples of heart tissue of three wild canid species, including red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), golden jackals (Canis aureus) and grey wolves (Canis lupus). Out of 110 samples (28 red foxes, 72 golden jackals, 10 wolves), 30 (27.3%) were positive for T. gondii DNA, of which 24 were genotyped (nine red foxes, 13 golden jackals and two wolves). The results showed a large dominance of lineage II (n = 20, 83.4%) over lineage III (n = 4, 16.7%) strains. Lineage II comprised four archetypes, 14 variants and one which remained undetermined, while within lineage III there were three archetypes and one variant strain. However, a notable difference in diversity was observed among the examined canids, with eight (88.9%) of the nine strains detected in red foxes distinct, vs. six (46.1%) distinct strains of the 13 detected in golden jackals. Since anthropogenic food sources are a major reservoir of archetypal lineage II and III T. gondii strains, the results suggest that the golden jackal may be outcompeting the red fox, forcing it to hunt wild mammals and birds for sustenance, thereby increasing its chances of infection with variant strains. In addition to presenting the first data on the T. gondii population structure in wild canids in Serbia, this is the first report ever on T. gondii genotypes in golden jackals, a species with an increasing presence in Europe and another important reservoir of domestically circulating T. gondii strains.
PB  - Elsevier Ireland Ltd, Clare
T2  - Parasitology International
T1  - Detection and genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii in wild canids in Serbia
VL  - 73
DO  - 10.1016/j.parint.2019.101973
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Uzelac, Aleksandra and Klun, Ivana and Ćirović, Duško and Penezić, Aleksandra and Ćirković, Vladimir and Đurković-Đaković, Olgica",
year = "2019",
abstract = "To gain insight into the population structure of the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii in wildlife in Serbia, multiplex nested PCR- RFLP was performed on T. gondii DNA positive samples of heart tissue of three wild canid species, including red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), golden jackals (Canis aureus) and grey wolves (Canis lupus). Out of 110 samples (28 red foxes, 72 golden jackals, 10 wolves), 30 (27.3%) were positive for T. gondii DNA, of which 24 were genotyped (nine red foxes, 13 golden jackals and two wolves). The results showed a large dominance of lineage II (n = 20, 83.4%) over lineage III (n = 4, 16.7%) strains. Lineage II comprised four archetypes, 14 variants and one which remained undetermined, while within lineage III there were three archetypes and one variant strain. However, a notable difference in diversity was observed among the examined canids, with eight (88.9%) of the nine strains detected in red foxes distinct, vs. six (46.1%) distinct strains of the 13 detected in golden jackals. Since anthropogenic food sources are a major reservoir of archetypal lineage II and III T. gondii strains, the results suggest that the golden jackal may be outcompeting the red fox, forcing it to hunt wild mammals and birds for sustenance, thereby increasing its chances of infection with variant strains. In addition to presenting the first data on the T. gondii population structure in wild canids in Serbia, this is the first report ever on T. gondii genotypes in golden jackals, a species with an increasing presence in Europe and another important reservoir of domestically circulating T. gondii strains.",
publisher = "Elsevier Ireland Ltd, Clare",
journal = "Parasitology International",
title = "Detection and genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii in wild canids in Serbia",
volume = "73",
doi = "10.1016/j.parint.2019.101973"
}

Uzelac, A., Klun, I., Ćirović, D., Penezić, A., Ćirković, V.,& Đurković-Đaković, O.. (2019). Detection and genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii in wild canids in Serbia. in Parasitology International
Elsevier Ireland Ltd, Clare., 73.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parint.2019.101973

Uzelac A, Klun I, Ćirović D, Penezić A, Ćirković V, Đurković-Đaković O. Detection and genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii in wild canids in Serbia. in Parasitology International. 2019;73.
doi:10.1016/j.parint.2019.101973 .

Uzelac, Aleksandra, Klun, Ivana, Ćirović, Duško, Penezić, Aleksandra, Ćirković, Vladimir, Đurković-Đaković, Olgica, "Detection and genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii in wild canids in Serbia" in Parasitology International, 73 (2019),
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parint.2019.101973 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Klun, Ivana
AU  - Ćirković, Vladimir
AU  - Maletić, Milan
AU  - Bradonjić, Siniša
AU  - Đurković-Đaković, Olgica
PY  - 2019
UR  - http://rimi.imi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/978
AB  - Neosporosis in cattle is a globally important disease, causing abortions and significant economic losses if epidemic abortions occur. In Serbia, however, studies of Neospora caninum infection in cattle are few and are based on limited samples and/or from limited areas. We thus performed a nationwide study to examine the seroprevalence of N. caninum infection in a sample of cows randomly selected from dairy farms in 12 epidemiological units from throughout Serbia, as well as the possible transmission risk factors. Sera from a total of 1496 cattle were tested by competitive ELISA, and N. caninum-specific antibodies were shown in 7.2% animals (95% confidence interval CI, 6.6-7.9%), ranging from 2.2 to 12% across the epidemiological units. At least one seropositive animal was detected on 10.7% (95% CI, 9.7-11.8%) of farms, with a range of 5.9-25.9%. Logistic regression analysis showed that the single risk factor for infection in individual animals was keeping cows in loose-stalls (OR=3.31, 95% CI=1.95-5.60, P lt 0.001). Risk factors for the presence of infection on farms also included housing in loose-stalls (OR=18.49, 95% CI=5.40-63.36, P lt 0.001), and herd size  gt 100 animals (OR=24.08, 95% CI=3.85-150.50, P=0.001). In view of the relatively low prevalence of infection showed at both the individual and farm level, this is the perfect time to undertake appropriate preventive measures to improve animal health and reduce economic losses.
PB  - Springer, New York
T2  - Parasitology Research
T1  - Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum infection and associated risk factors in dairy cattle in Serbia
EP  - 1883
IS  - 6
SP  - 1875
VL  - 118
DO  - 10.1007/s00436-019-06307-9
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Klun, Ivana and Ćirković, Vladimir and Maletić, Milan and Bradonjić, Siniša and Đurković-Đaković, Olgica",
year = "2019",
abstract = "Neosporosis in cattle is a globally important disease, causing abortions and significant economic losses if epidemic abortions occur. In Serbia, however, studies of Neospora caninum infection in cattle are few and are based on limited samples and/or from limited areas. We thus performed a nationwide study to examine the seroprevalence of N. caninum infection in a sample of cows randomly selected from dairy farms in 12 epidemiological units from throughout Serbia, as well as the possible transmission risk factors. Sera from a total of 1496 cattle were tested by competitive ELISA, and N. caninum-specific antibodies were shown in 7.2% animals (95% confidence interval CI, 6.6-7.9%), ranging from 2.2 to 12% across the epidemiological units. At least one seropositive animal was detected on 10.7% (95% CI, 9.7-11.8%) of farms, with a range of 5.9-25.9%. Logistic regression analysis showed that the single risk factor for infection in individual animals was keeping cows in loose-stalls (OR=3.31, 95% CI=1.95-5.60, P lt 0.001). Risk factors for the presence of infection on farms also included housing in loose-stalls (OR=18.49, 95% CI=5.40-63.36, P lt 0.001), and herd size  gt 100 animals (OR=24.08, 95% CI=3.85-150.50, P=0.001). In view of the relatively low prevalence of infection showed at both the individual and farm level, this is the perfect time to undertake appropriate preventive measures to improve animal health and reduce economic losses.",
publisher = "Springer, New York",
journal = "Parasitology Research",
title = "Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum infection and associated risk factors in dairy cattle in Serbia",
pages = "1883-1875",
number = "6",
volume = "118",
doi = "10.1007/s00436-019-06307-9"
}

Klun, I., Ćirković, V., Maletić, M., Bradonjić, S.,& Đurković-Đaković, O.. (2019). Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum infection and associated risk factors in dairy cattle in Serbia. in Parasitology Research
Springer, New York., 118(6), 1875-1883.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-019-06307-9

Klun I, Ćirković V, Maletić M, Bradonjić S, Đurković-Đaković O. Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum infection and associated risk factors in dairy cattle in Serbia. in Parasitology Research. 2019;118(6):1875-1883.
doi:10.1007/s00436-019-06307-9 .

Klun, Ivana, Ćirković, Vladimir, Maletić, Milan, Bradonjić, Siniša, Đurković-Đaković, Olgica, "Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum infection and associated risk factors in dairy cattle in Serbia" in Parasitology Research, 118, no. 6 (2019):1875-1883,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-019-06307-9 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Klun, Ivana
AU  - Ćosić, Nada
AU  - Ćirović, Duško
AU  - Vasilev, Dragan
AU  - Teodorović, Vlado
AU  - Đurković-Đaković, Olgica
PY  - 2019
UR  - http://rimi.imi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/941
AB  - Human trichinellosis and Trichinella infection in pigs are both still endemic in the Balkans, including Serbia. Because of the flow between the sylvatic and the domestic cycle of Trichinella spp., monitoring wildlife has been recommended for the risk assessment of Trichinella spp. infection in swine. We have previously shown the presence of Trichinella infection in wild carnivores including the wolf and the golden jackal, and here we report on Trichinella infection in several other mesocarnivore species. From a total of 469 animals collected between 1994 and 2013, Trichinella larvae were detected in 29 (6.2%, 95% CI = 4.0-8.4) animals, including 14 red foxes (4.7%), 7 wild cats (35%), 5 beech martens (4.8%), 2 pine martens (16.7%), and 1 European badger (6.25%). No Trichinella larvae were detected in the examined specimens of European polecats, steppe polecats and European otters. Species identification of the Trichinella larvae performed for 18 positive samples revealed T. spiralis in 77.8% and T. britovi in 22.2% of the isolates. Both species were detected in red foxes and wild cats. The predominance of T. spiralis in wildlife in Serbia indicates the (past or present) spillover of this pathogen from domestic to wild animals.
PB  - Akademiai Kiado Zrt, Budapest
T2  - Acta Veterinaria Hungarica
T1  - Trichinella spp. In wild mesocarnivores in an endemic setting
EP  - 39
IS  - 1
SP  - 34
VL  - 67
DO  - 10.1556/004.2019.004
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Klun, Ivana and Ćosić, Nada and Ćirović, Duško and Vasilev, Dragan and Teodorović, Vlado and Đurković-Đaković, Olgica",
year = "2019",
abstract = "Human trichinellosis and Trichinella infection in pigs are both still endemic in the Balkans, including Serbia. Because of the flow between the sylvatic and the domestic cycle of Trichinella spp., monitoring wildlife has been recommended for the risk assessment of Trichinella spp. infection in swine. We have previously shown the presence of Trichinella infection in wild carnivores including the wolf and the golden jackal, and here we report on Trichinella infection in several other mesocarnivore species. From a total of 469 animals collected between 1994 and 2013, Trichinella larvae were detected in 29 (6.2%, 95% CI = 4.0-8.4) animals, including 14 red foxes (4.7%), 7 wild cats (35%), 5 beech martens (4.8%), 2 pine martens (16.7%), and 1 European badger (6.25%). No Trichinella larvae were detected in the examined specimens of European polecats, steppe polecats and European otters. Species identification of the Trichinella larvae performed for 18 positive samples revealed T. spiralis in 77.8% and T. britovi in 22.2% of the isolates. Both species were detected in red foxes and wild cats. The predominance of T. spiralis in wildlife in Serbia indicates the (past or present) spillover of this pathogen from domestic to wild animals.",
publisher = "Akademiai Kiado Zrt, Budapest",
journal = "Acta Veterinaria Hungarica",
title = "Trichinella spp. In wild mesocarnivores in an endemic setting",
pages = "39-34",
number = "1",
volume = "67",
doi = "10.1556/004.2019.004"
}

Klun, I., Ćosić, N., Ćirović, D., Vasilev, D., Teodorović, V.,& Đurković-Đaković, O.. (2019). Trichinella spp. In wild mesocarnivores in an endemic setting. in Acta Veterinaria Hungarica
Akademiai Kiado Zrt, Budapest., 67(1), 34-39.
https://doi.org/10.1556/004.2019.004

Klun I, Ćosić N, Ćirović D, Vasilev D, Teodorović V, Đurković-Đaković O. Trichinella spp. In wild mesocarnivores in an endemic setting. in Acta Veterinaria Hungarica. 2019;67(1):34-39.
doi:10.1556/004.2019.004 .

Klun, Ivana, Ćosić, Nada, Ćirović, Duško, Vasilev, Dragan, Teodorović, Vlado, Đurković-Đaković, Olgica, "Trichinella spp. In wild mesocarnivores in an endemic setting" in Acta Veterinaria Hungarica, 67, no. 1 (2019):34-39,
https://doi.org/10.1556/004.2019.004 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kuruca, Ljiljana
AU  - Klun, Ivana
AU  - Uzelac, Aleksandra
AU  - Nikolić, Aleksandra
AU  - Bobić, Branko
AU  - Simin, Stanislav
AU  - Lalošević, Vesna
AU  - Lalošević, Dušan
AU  - Đurković-Đaković, Olgica
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://rimi.imi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/793
AB  - Insufficiently cooked pork is considered as an important source of human infection with Toxoplasma gondii. The aim of our study was to investigate the presence of T. gondii in pigs intended for human consumption from Northern Serbia. Blood and diaphragm samples were collected from 182 naturally infected market-weight pigs, originating from both commercial farms and smallholdings. Sera were examined using modified agglutination test (MAT), and diaphragms from seropositive, as well as from some MAT-negative pigs, were bioassayed in mice. In addition, digests were examined for the presence of T. gondii DNA using a real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) which was targeted at the 529 bp repetitive element of the T. gondii genome. The overall seroprevalence of T. gondii in pigs was 17% (31/182), with no difference between pigs from large commercial farms (17.8%) and those raised on smallholdings (16.3%). However, the seroprevalence in farm pigs was largely influenced by the findings on a single farm, where all examined animals tested positive. Parasites and/or parasite DNA were detected in the tissues of 15 of the 45 (25 seropositive and 20 seronegative) animals examined by either direct method. Tissue cysts were isolated in eight bioassays and an additional bioassay was positive by serology; all nine were confirmed positive by qPCR. All positive bioassays originated from seropositive pigs, but no correlation was observed between isolation rate and antibody titer. T. gondii DNA was detected in diaphragm tissues of eight pigs, of which three were seronegative. The results of our study provide further evidence for pork as a source of human T. gondii infection.
PB  - Springer, New York
T2  - Parasitology Research
T1  - Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in naturally infected domestic pigs in Northern Serbia
EP  - 3123
IS  - 11
SP  - 3117
VL  - 116
DO  - 10.1007/s00436-017-5623-7
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Kuruca, Ljiljana and Klun, Ivana and Uzelac, Aleksandra and Nikolić, Aleksandra and Bobić, Branko and Simin, Stanislav and Lalošević, Vesna and Lalošević, Dušan and Đurković-Đaković, Olgica",
year = "2017",
abstract = "Insufficiently cooked pork is considered as an important source of human infection with Toxoplasma gondii. The aim of our study was to investigate the presence of T. gondii in pigs intended for human consumption from Northern Serbia. Blood and diaphragm samples were collected from 182 naturally infected market-weight pigs, originating from both commercial farms and smallholdings. Sera were examined using modified agglutination test (MAT), and diaphragms from seropositive, as well as from some MAT-negative pigs, were bioassayed in mice. In addition, digests were examined for the presence of T. gondii DNA using a real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) which was targeted at the 529 bp repetitive element of the T. gondii genome. The overall seroprevalence of T. gondii in pigs was 17% (31/182), with no difference between pigs from large commercial farms (17.8%) and those raised on smallholdings (16.3%). However, the seroprevalence in farm pigs was largely influenced by the findings on a single farm, where all examined animals tested positive. Parasites and/or parasite DNA were detected in the tissues of 15 of the 45 (25 seropositive and 20 seronegative) animals examined by either direct method. Tissue cysts were isolated in eight bioassays and an additional bioassay was positive by serology; all nine were confirmed positive by qPCR. All positive bioassays originated from seropositive pigs, but no correlation was observed between isolation rate and antibody titer. T. gondii DNA was detected in diaphragm tissues of eight pigs, of which three were seronegative. The results of our study provide further evidence for pork as a source of human T. gondii infection.",
publisher = "Springer, New York",
journal = "Parasitology Research",
title = "Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in naturally infected domestic pigs in Northern Serbia",
pages = "3123-3117",
number = "11",
volume = "116",
doi = "10.1007/s00436-017-5623-7"
}

Kuruca, L., Klun, I., Uzelac, A., Nikolić, A., Bobić, B., Simin, S., Lalošević, V., Lalošević, D.,& Đurković-Đaković, O.. (2017). Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in naturally infected domestic pigs in Northern Serbia. in Parasitology Research
Springer, New York., 116(11), 3117-3123.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-017-5623-7

Kuruca L, Klun I, Uzelac A, Nikolić A, Bobić B, Simin S, Lalošević V, Lalošević D, Đurković-Đaković O. Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in naturally infected domestic pigs in Northern Serbia. in Parasitology Research. 2017;116(11):3117-3123.
doi:10.1007/s00436-017-5623-7 .

Kuruca, Ljiljana, Klun, Ivana, Uzelac, Aleksandra, Nikolić, Aleksandra, Bobić, Branko, Simin, Stanislav, Lalošević, Vesna, Lalošević, Dušan, Đurković-Đaković, Olgica, "Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in naturally infected domestic pigs in Northern Serbia" in Parasitology Research, 116, no. 11 (2017):3117-3123,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-017-5623-7 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Klun, Ivana
AU  - Uzelac, Aleksandra
AU  - Villena, Isabelle
AU  - Mercier, Aurelien
AU  - Bobić, Branko
AU  - Nikolić, Aleksandra
AU  - Rajnpreht, Irena
AU  - Opsteegh, Marieke
AU  - Aubert, Dominique
AU  - Blaga, Radu
AU  - van der Giessen, Joke
AU  - Đurković-Đaković, Olgica
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://rimi.imi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/829
AB  - Background: Consumption of undercooked or insufficiently cured meat is a major risk factor for human infection with Toxoplasma gondii. Although horsemeat is typically consumed rare or undercooked, information on the risk of T. gondii from infected horse meat to humans is scarce. Here, we present the results of a study to determine the presence of T. gondii infection in slaughter horses in Serbia, and to attempt to isolate viable parasites. Methods: The study included horses from all regions of Serbia slaughtered at two abattoirs between June 2013 and June 2015. Blood sera were tested for the presence of specific IgG T. gondii antibodies by the modified agglutination test (MAT), and samples of trypsin-digested heart tissue were bioassayed in mice. Cyst-positive mouse brain homogenates were subjected to DNA extraction and T. gondii strains were genotyped using 15 microsatellite markers (MS). Results: A total of 105 slaughter horses were sampled. At the 1: 6 cut-off 48.6% of the examined horses were seropositive, with the highest titre being 1: 400. Viable parasites were isolated from two grade type mares; both parasite isolates (RS-Eq39 and RS-Eq40) were T. gondii type III, and both displayed an increased lethality for mice with successive passages. These are the first cases of isolation of T. gondii from horses in Serbia. When compared with a worldwide collection of 61 type III and type III-like strains, isolate RS-Eq39 showed a combination of MS lengths similar to a strain isolated from a duck in Iran, and isolate RS-Eq40 was identical in all markers to three strains isolated from a goat from Gabon, a sheep from France and a pig from Portugal. Interestingly, the source horses were one seronegative and one weakly seropositive. Conclusions: The isolation of viable T. gondii parasites from slaughter horses points to horsemeat as a potential source of human infection, but the fact that viable parasites were isolated from horses with only a serological trace of T. gondii infection presents further evidence that serology may not be adequate to assess the risk of toxoplasmosis from horsemeat consumption. Presence of T. gondii type III in Serbia sheds more light into the potential origin of this archetypal lineage in Europe.
PB  - BMC, London
T2  - Parasites & Vectors
T1  - The first isolation and molecular characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from horses in Serbia
IS  - 1
SP  - 167
VL  - 10
DO  - 10.1186/s13071-017-2104-x
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Klun, Ivana and Uzelac, Aleksandra and Villena, Isabelle and Mercier, Aurelien and Bobić, Branko and Nikolić, Aleksandra and Rajnpreht, Irena and Opsteegh, Marieke and Aubert, Dominique and Blaga, Radu and van der Giessen, Joke and Đurković-Đaković, Olgica",
year = "2017",
abstract = "Background: Consumption of undercooked or insufficiently cured meat is a major risk factor for human infection with Toxoplasma gondii. Although horsemeat is typically consumed rare or undercooked, information on the risk of T. gondii from infected horse meat to humans is scarce. Here, we present the results of a study to determine the presence of T. gondii infection in slaughter horses in Serbia, and to attempt to isolate viable parasites. Methods: The study included horses from all regions of Serbia slaughtered at two abattoirs between June 2013 and June 2015. Blood sera were tested for the presence of specific IgG T. gondii antibodies by the modified agglutination test (MAT), and samples of trypsin-digested heart tissue were bioassayed in mice. Cyst-positive mouse brain homogenates were subjected to DNA extraction and T. gondii strains were genotyped using 15 microsatellite markers (MS). Results: A total of 105 slaughter horses were sampled. At the 1: 6 cut-off 48.6% of the examined horses were seropositive, with the highest titre being 1: 400. Viable parasites were isolated from two grade type mares; both parasite isolates (RS-Eq39 and RS-Eq40) were T. gondii type III, and both displayed an increased lethality for mice with successive passages. These are the first cases of isolation of T. gondii from horses in Serbia. When compared with a worldwide collection of 61 type III and type III-like strains, isolate RS-Eq39 showed a combination of MS lengths similar to a strain isolated from a duck in Iran, and isolate RS-Eq40 was identical in all markers to three strains isolated from a goat from Gabon, a sheep from France and a pig from Portugal. Interestingly, the source horses were one seronegative and one weakly seropositive. Conclusions: The isolation of viable T. gondii parasites from slaughter horses points to horsemeat as a potential source of human infection, but the fact that viable parasites were isolated from horses with only a serological trace of T. gondii infection presents further evidence that serology may not be adequate to assess the risk of toxoplasmosis from horsemeat consumption. Presence of T. gondii type III in Serbia sheds more light into the potential origin of this archetypal lineage in Europe.",
publisher = "BMC, London",
journal = "Parasites & Vectors",
title = "The first isolation and molecular characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from horses in Serbia",
number = "1",
pages = "167",
volume = "10",
doi = "10.1186/s13071-017-2104-x"
}

Klun, I., Uzelac, A., Villena, I., Mercier, A., Bobić, B., Nikolić, A., Rajnpreht, I., Opsteegh, M., Aubert, D., Blaga, R., van der Giessen, J.,& Đurković-Đaković, O.. (2017). The first isolation and molecular characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from horses in Serbia. in Parasites & Vectors
BMC, London., 10(1), 167.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-017-2104-x

Klun I, Uzelac A, Villena I, Mercier A, Bobić B, Nikolić A, Rajnpreht I, Opsteegh M, Aubert D, Blaga R, van der Giessen J, Đurković-Đaković O. The first isolation and molecular characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from horses in Serbia. in Parasites & Vectors. 2017;10(1):167.
doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2104-x .

Klun, Ivana, Uzelac, Aleksandra, Villena, Isabelle, Mercier, Aurelien, Bobić, Branko, Nikolić, Aleksandra, Rajnpreht, Irena, Opsteegh, Marieke, Aubert, Dominique, Blaga, Radu, van der Giessen, Joke, Đurković-Đaković, Olgica, "The first isolation and molecular characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from horses in Serbia" in Parasites & Vectors, 10, no. 1 (2017):167,
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-017-2104-x . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kuruca, Ljiljana
AU  - Klun, Ivana
AU  - Uzelac, Aleksandra
AU  - Nikolić, Aleksandra
AU  - Bobić, Branko
AU  - Simin, Stanislav
AU  - Đurković-Đaković, Olgica
AU  - Lalošević, Vesna
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://rimi.imi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/713
AB  - Toxoplasma gondii is considered one of the most successful parasites of humans and animals. The ingestion of viable cysts through the consumption of undercooked pork is recognized as a significant route of human infection with T. gondii. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of viable parasite in tissues of free-range pigs from the Zasavica Special Nature Reserve. All pigs were of the Mangulica breed, raised in a traditional way. The serological screening was performed using a modified agglutination test (MAT). The isolation of viable T. gondii was attempted by a bioassay of pig heart tissue in mice, while the real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) targeted at the 529 bp repetitive element of T. gondii was used to detect parasitic DNA in digested hearts. Specific antibodies were detected in 12 out of 18 pigs examined. The bioassay was performed for five MAT-positive and one MAT-negative pig, and a total of three isolates were obtained. qPCR was performed for all samples, including one MAT-negative sample that was not bioassayed. The presence of T. gondii DNA was confirmed in all hearts with a positive bioassay as well as in one originating from seropositive and one from seronegative pig whose hearts were not bioassayed. The successful isolation of viable cysts, presence of risk factors (such as older age at the time of slaughter) and increased contact with the environment, along with the great appreciation of Serbian consumers towards home-cured Mangulica’s meat, make this breed worthy of consideration as a potentially important reservoir of human infection.
AB  - Toxoplasma gondii predstavlja jednog od najuspešnijih parazita ljudi i životinja. Ingestija vijabilnih cista, putem konzumacije termički nedovoljno obrađenog mesa, smatra se jednim od dominantnih puteva humane infekcije ovim parazitom. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se ispita prisustvo vijabilnih parazita u tkivima slobodno držanih svinja u Specijalnom rezervatu prirode “Zasavica”. Sve ispitane svinje su pripadale rasi mangulica i gajene su na tradicionalan način. Serološka ispitivanja su sprovedena upotrebom testa modifikovane aglutinacije (MAT). Za izolaciju vijabilnih parazita iz tkiva (srca) svinja korišćen je biološki ogled na miševima, dok je reakcija lančane polimeraze u stvarnom vremenu (qPCR), kojom se detektuje 529 bp repetitivni element genoma T. gondii upotrebljena za detekciju parazitske DNK. Specifična antitela su pronađena kod 12 od 18 ispitanih svinja. Biološki ogled je postavljen za 5 MAT-pozitivnih i jednu MAT-negativnu svinju, iz čega su dobijena ukupno tri izolata T. gondii. qPCR je urađen za sve uzorke, uključujući i jedan MAT-negativan uzorak, za koji nije postavljen biološki ogled. DNK T. gondii je dokazana u digestima srca svih svinja iz kojih je parazit uspešno izolovan, kao i kod jedne seropozitivne i jedne seronegativne svinje za čija srca nije postavljen biološki ogled. Izolacija vijabilnih cista, prisustvo faktora rizika kao što je kasnostasnost rase, povećan kontakt sa spoljašnjom sredinom kao i činjenica da su domaći suhomesnati proizvodi od mesa mangulice visoko cenjeni od strane srpskih potrošača, čine ovu rasu svinja potencijalno značajnim rezervoarom T. gondii za ljude.
PB  - Univerzitet u Novom Sadu - Poljoprivredni fakultet, Novi Sad i Naučni institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad
T2  - Savremena poljoprivreda
T1  - Detection of viable Toxoplasma gondii in free-range pigs from the Special nature reserve of Zasavica
T1  - Detekcija vijabilnog parazita Toxoplasma gondii kod slobodno držanih svinja iz Specijalnog rezervata prirode Zasavica
EP  - 6
IS  - 3-4
SP  - 1
VL  - 65
DO  - 10.1515/contagri-2016-0010
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Kuruca, Ljiljana and Klun, Ivana and Uzelac, Aleksandra and Nikolić, Aleksandra and Bobić, Branko and Simin, Stanislav and Đurković-Đaković, Olgica and Lalošević, Vesna",
year = "2016",
abstract = "Toxoplasma gondii is considered one of the most successful parasites of humans and animals. The ingestion of viable cysts through the consumption of undercooked pork is recognized as a significant route of human infection with T. gondii. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of viable parasite in tissues of free-range pigs from the Zasavica Special Nature Reserve. All pigs were of the Mangulica breed, raised in a traditional way. The serological screening was performed using a modified agglutination test (MAT). The isolation of viable T. gondii was attempted by a bioassay of pig heart tissue in mice, while the real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) targeted at the 529 bp repetitive element of T. gondii was used to detect parasitic DNA in digested hearts. Specific antibodies were detected in 12 out of 18 pigs examined. The bioassay was performed for five MAT-positive and one MAT-negative pig, and a total of three isolates were obtained. qPCR was performed for all samples, including one MAT-negative sample that was not bioassayed. The presence of T. gondii DNA was confirmed in all hearts with a positive bioassay as well as in one originating from seropositive and one from seronegative pig whose hearts were not bioassayed. The successful isolation of viable cysts, presence of risk factors (such as older age at the time of slaughter) and increased contact with the environment, along with the great appreciation of Serbian consumers towards home-cured Mangulica’s meat, make this breed worthy of consideration as a potentially important reservoir of human infection., Toxoplasma gondii predstavlja jednog od najuspešnijih parazita ljudi i životinja. Ingestija vijabilnih cista, putem konzumacije termički nedovoljno obrađenog mesa, smatra se jednim od dominantnih puteva humane infekcije ovim parazitom. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se ispita prisustvo vijabilnih parazita u tkivima slobodno držanih svinja u Specijalnom rezervatu prirode “Zasavica”. Sve ispitane svinje su pripadale rasi mangulica i gajene su na tradicionalan način. Serološka ispitivanja su sprovedena upotrebom testa modifikovane aglutinacije (MAT). Za izolaciju vijabilnih parazita iz tkiva (srca) svinja korišćen je biološki ogled na miševima, dok je reakcija lančane polimeraze u stvarnom vremenu (qPCR), kojom se detektuje 529 bp repetitivni element genoma T. gondii upotrebljena za detekciju parazitske DNK. Specifična antitela su pronađena kod 12 od 18 ispitanih svinja. Biološki ogled je postavljen za 5 MAT-pozitivnih i jednu MAT-negativnu svinju, iz čega su dobijena ukupno tri izolata T. gondii. qPCR je urađen za sve uzorke, uključujući i jedan MAT-negativan uzorak, za koji nije postavljen biološki ogled. DNK T. gondii je dokazana u digestima srca svih svinja iz kojih je parazit uspešno izolovan, kao i kod jedne seropozitivne i jedne seronegativne svinje za čija srca nije postavljen biološki ogled. Izolacija vijabilnih cista, prisustvo faktora rizika kao što je kasnostasnost rase, povećan kontakt sa spoljašnjom sredinom kao i činjenica da su domaći suhomesnati proizvodi od mesa mangulice visoko cenjeni od strane srpskih potrošača, čine ovu rasu svinja potencijalno značajnim rezervoarom T. gondii za ljude.",
publisher = "Univerzitet u Novom Sadu - Poljoprivredni fakultet, Novi Sad i Naučni institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad",
journal = "Savremena poljoprivreda",
title = "Detection of viable Toxoplasma gondii in free-range pigs from the Special nature reserve of Zasavica, Detekcija vijabilnog parazita Toxoplasma gondii kod slobodno držanih svinja iz Specijalnog rezervata prirode Zasavica",
pages = "6-1",
number = "3-4",
volume = "65",
doi = "10.1515/contagri-2016-0010"
}

Kuruca, L., Klun, I., Uzelac, A., Nikolić, A., Bobić, B., Simin, S., Đurković-Đaković, O.,& Lalošević, V.. (2016). Detection of viable Toxoplasma gondii in free-range pigs from the Special nature reserve of Zasavica. in Savremena poljoprivreda
Univerzitet u Novom Sadu - Poljoprivredni fakultet, Novi Sad i Naučni institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad., 65(3-4), 1-6.
https://doi.org/10.1515/contagri-2016-0010

Kuruca L, Klun I, Uzelac A, Nikolić A, Bobić B, Simin S, Đurković-Đaković O, Lalošević V. Detection of viable Toxoplasma gondii in free-range pigs from the Special nature reserve of Zasavica. in Savremena poljoprivreda. 2016;65(3-4):1-6.
doi:10.1515/contagri-2016-0010 .

Kuruca, Ljiljana, Klun, Ivana, Uzelac, Aleksandra, Nikolić, Aleksandra, Bobić, Branko, Simin, Stanislav, Đurković-Đaković, Olgica, Lalošević, Vesna, "Detection of viable Toxoplasma gondii in free-range pigs from the Special nature reserve of Zasavica" in Savremena poljoprivreda, 65, no. 3-4 (2016):1-6,
https://doi.org/10.1515/contagri-2016-0010 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Štajner, Tijana
AU  - Bobić, Branko
AU  - Klun, Ivana
AU  - Nikolić, Aleksandra
AU  - Srbljanović, Jelena
AU  - Uzelac, Aleksandra
AU  - Rajnpreht, Irena
AU  - Đurković-Đaković, Olgica
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://rimi.imi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/719
AB  - To determine the risk of congenital toxoplasmosis (CT) and provide early (pre-or postnatal) identification of cases of CT in the absence of systematic screening in pregnancy. In the presented cross-sectional study, serological criteria were used to date Toxoplasma gondii infection versus conception in 80 pregnant women with fetal abnormalities or referred to as suspected of acute infection, and in 16 women after delivery of symptomatic neonates. A combination of serological, molecular (qPCR), and biological (bioassay) methods was used for prenatal and/or postnatal diagnosis of CT. Most (77.5%) pregnant women were examined in advanced pregnancy. Of all the examined seropositive women (n = 90), infection could not be ruled out to have occurred during pregnancy in 93.3%, of which the majority (69%) was dated to the periconceptual period. CT was diagnosed in 25 cases, of which 17 prenatally and 8 postnatally. Molecular diagnosis proved superior, but the diagnosis of CT based on bioassay in 7 instances and by Western blot in 2 neonates shows that other methods remain indispensable. In the absence of systematic screening in pregnancy, maternal infection is often diagnosed late, or even only when fetal/neonatal infection is suspected. In such situations, use of a complex algorithm involving a combination of serological, biological, and molecular methods allows for prenatal and/or early postnatal diagnosis of CT, but lacks the preventive capacity provided by early maternal treatment.
PB  - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia
T2  - Medicine
T1  - Prenatal and Early Postnatal Diagnosis of Congenital Toxoplasmosis in a Setting With No Systematic Screening in Pregnancy
IS  - 9
VL  - 95
DO  - 10.1097/MD.0000000000002979
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Štajner, Tijana and Bobić, Branko and Klun, Ivana and Nikolić, Aleksandra and Srbljanović, Jelena and Uzelac, Aleksandra and Rajnpreht, Irena and Đurković-Đaković, Olgica",
year = "2016",
abstract = "To determine the risk of congenital toxoplasmosis (CT) and provide early (pre-or postnatal) identification of cases of CT in the absence of systematic screening in pregnancy. In the presented cross-sectional study, serological criteria were used to date Toxoplasma gondii infection versus conception in 80 pregnant women with fetal abnormalities or referred to as suspected of acute infection, and in 16 women after delivery of symptomatic neonates. A combination of serological, molecular (qPCR), and biological (bioassay) methods was used for prenatal and/or postnatal diagnosis of CT. Most (77.5%) pregnant women were examined in advanced pregnancy. Of all the examined seropositive women (n = 90), infection could not be ruled out to have occurred during pregnancy in 93.3%, of which the majority (69%) was dated to the periconceptual period. CT was diagnosed in 25 cases, of which 17 prenatally and 8 postnatally. Molecular diagnosis proved superior, but the diagnosis of CT based on bioassay in 7 instances and by Western blot in 2 neonates shows that other methods remain indispensable. In the absence of systematic screening in pregnancy, maternal infection is often diagnosed late, or even only when fetal/neonatal infection is suspected. In such situations, use of a complex algorithm involving a combination of serological, biological, and molecular methods allows for prenatal and/or early postnatal diagnosis of CT, but lacks the preventive capacity provided by early maternal treatment.",
publisher = "Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia",
journal = "Medicine",
title = "Prenatal and Early Postnatal Diagnosis of Congenital Toxoplasmosis in a Setting With No Systematic Screening in Pregnancy",
number = "9",
volume = "95",
doi = "10.1097/MD.0000000000002979"
}

Štajner, T., Bobić, B., Klun, I., Nikolić, A., Srbljanović, J., Uzelac, A., Rajnpreht, I.,& Đurković-Đaković, O.. (2016). Prenatal and Early Postnatal Diagnosis of Congenital Toxoplasmosis in a Setting With No Systematic Screening in Pregnancy. in Medicine
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia., 95(9).
https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000002979

Štajner T, Bobić B, Klun I, Nikolić A, Srbljanović J, Uzelac A, Rajnpreht I, Đurković-Đaković O. Prenatal and Early Postnatal Diagnosis of Congenital Toxoplasmosis in a Setting With No Systematic Screening in Pregnancy. in Medicine. 2016;95(9).
doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000002979 .

Štajner, Tijana, Bobić, Branko, Klun, Ivana, Nikolić, Aleksandra, Srbljanović, Jelena, Uzelac, Aleksandra, Rajnpreht, Irena, Đurković-Đaković, Olgica, "Prenatal and Early Postnatal Diagnosis of Congenital Toxoplasmosis in a Setting With No Systematic Screening in Pregnancy" in Medicine, 95, no. 9 (2016),
https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000002979 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bobić, Branko
AU  - Štajner, Tijana
AU  - Nikolić, Aleksandra
AU  - Klun, Ivana
AU  - Srbljanović, Jelena
AU  - Đurković-Đaković, Olgica
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://rimi.imi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/630
AB  - Introduction Health education of women of childbearing age has been shown to be an acceptable approach to the prevention of toxoplasmosis, the most frequent congenitally transmitted parasitic infection. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the Internet as a source of health education on toxoplasmosis in pregnancy. Methods A group of 100 pregnant women examined in the National Reference Laboratory for Toxoplasmosis was surveyed by a questionnaire on the source of their information on toxoplasmosis. We also analyzed information offered by websites in the Serbian and Croatian languages through the Google search engine, using 'toxoplasmosis' as a keyword. The 23 top websites were evaluated for comprehensiveness and accuracy of information on the impact of toxoplasmosis on the course of pregnancy, diagnosis and prevention. Results Having knowledge on toxoplasmosis was confirmed by 64 (64.0%) examined women, 40.6% (26/64) of whom learned about toxoplasmosis through the Internet, 48.4% from physicians, and 10.9% from friends. Increase in the degree of education was found to be associated with the probability that pregnant women would be informed via the Internet (RR=3.15, 95% CI=1.27-7.82, p=0.013). Analysis of four interactive web- sites (allowing users to ask questions) showed that routes of infection were the most common concern, particularly the risk presented by pet cats and dogs, followed by the diagnosis of infection (who and when should be tested, and how should the results be interpreted). Of 20 sites containing educational articles, only seven were authorized and two listed sources. Evaluation confirmed that information relevant to pregnant women was significantly more accurate than comprehensive, but no site gave both comprehensive and completely accurate information. Only four sites (20%) were good sources of information for pregnant women. Conclusion Internet has proved itself as an important source of information. However, despite numerous websites, only a few offer reliable information to the Serbian (or Croat) speaking community, and none present complete and accurate information relevant to pregnant women.
AB  - Uvod Zdravstveno prosvećivanje žena generativne dobi definisano je ranijim istraživanjima kao prihvatljiv pristup prevenciji toksoplazmoze, najznačajnije parazitske perinatalne infekcije. Cilj rada Cilj istraživanja je bio da se oceni uloga veb-sajtova u zdravstvenom prosvećivanju trudnica o toksoplazmozi. Metode rada Grupa od 100 trudnica pregledanih u Nacionalnoj referentnoj laboratoriji za toksoplazmozu anketirana je o izvorima njihovih saznanja o toksoplazmozi. Istovremeno su pregledani veb-sajtovi na srpskom i hrvatskom jeziku, i to prva 23 koja se preko pretraživača Google pojavljuju na zadatu reč 'toksoplazmoza'. Analizirani su i ocenjeni sveobuhvatnost i tačnost informacija koje se odnose na uticaj toksoplazmoze na trudnoću, dijagnostiku i prevenciju ove infekcije. Rezultati Da imaju saznanja o toksoplazmozi potvrdile su 64 (64%) anketirane trudnice, od kojih je 26 (40,6%) saznanja steklo pretraživanjem interneta, 31 (48,5%) informacije je dobila od lekara, a sedam (10,9%) od prijatelja. Sa većim stepenom obrazovanja trudnice povećavala se i verovatnoća da će trudnica biti informisana preko interneta (RR=3,15; 95% CI=1,27-7,82; p=0,013). Analiza podataka sa četiri interaktivna veb-sajta pokazala je da većinu žena, pre svega, interesuju putevi širenja infekcije, dok su sledeća po učestalosti bila pitanja o dijagnostici. Od analiziranih članaka sa 20 informativnih veb-sajtova, samo sedam je bilo autorizovano, dok su u dva navedeni izvori informacija. Analiza je pokazala da je tačnost informacija bila značajno veća nego sveobuhvatnost, da nijedan analizirani sajt ne daje potpuno sveobuhvatne i tačne informacije, te da su samo četiri sajta (20%) dobar izvor informacija za trudnice o toksoplazmozi. Zaključak Internet je za trudnice značajan izvor informacija o toksoplazmozi. Iako su veb-sajtovi brojni, malo je onih koji su dobar izvor potrebnih podataka za čitaoce sa srpskog (ili hrvatskog) govornog područja, a nijedan ne daje u potpunosti sve potrebne i tačne informacije.
PB  - Srpsko lekarsko društvo, Beograd
T2  - Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
T1  - Toxoplasmosis and pregnancy: Reliability of internet sources of information
T1  - Toksoplazmoza i trudnoća - pouzdanost informacija s interneta
EP  - 445
IS  - 7-8
SP  - 438
VL  - 143
DO  - 10.2298/SARH1508438B
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Bobić, Branko and Štajner, Tijana and Nikolić, Aleksandra and Klun, Ivana and Srbljanović, Jelena and Đurković-Đaković, Olgica",
year = "2015",
abstract = "Introduction Health education of women of childbearing age has been shown to be an acceptable approach to the prevention of toxoplasmosis, the most frequent congenitally transmitted parasitic infection. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the Internet as a source of health education on toxoplasmosis in pregnancy. Methods A group of 100 pregnant women examined in the National Reference Laboratory for Toxoplasmosis was surveyed by a questionnaire on the source of their information on toxoplasmosis. We also analyzed information offered by websites in the Serbian and Croatian languages through the Google search engine, using 'toxoplasmosis' as a keyword. The 23 top websites were evaluated for comprehensiveness and accuracy of information on the impact of toxoplasmosis on the course of pregnancy, diagnosis and prevention. Results Having knowledge on toxoplasmosis was confirmed by 64 (64.0%) examined women, 40.6% (26/64) of whom learned about toxoplasmosis through the Internet, 48.4% from physicians, and 10.9% from friends. Increase in the degree of education was found to be associated with the probability that pregnant women would be informed via the Internet (RR=3.15, 95% CI=1.27-7.82, p=0.013). Analysis of four interactive web- sites (allowing users to ask questions) showed that routes of infection were the most common concern, particularly the risk presented by pet cats and dogs, followed by the diagnosis of infection (who and when should be tested, and how should the results be interpreted). Of 20 sites containing educational articles, only seven were authorized and two listed sources. Evaluation confirmed that information relevant to pregnant women was significantly more accurate than comprehensive, but no site gave both comprehensive and completely accurate information. Only four sites (20%) were good sources of information for pregnant women. Conclusion Internet has proved itself as an important source of information. However, despite numerous websites, only a few offer reliable information to the Serbian (or Croat) speaking community, and none present complete and accurate information relevant to pregnant women., Uvod Zdravstveno prosvećivanje žena generativne dobi definisano je ranijim istraživanjima kao prihvatljiv pristup prevenciji toksoplazmoze, najznačajnije parazitske perinatalne infekcije. Cilj rada Cilj istraživanja je bio da se oceni uloga veb-sajtova u zdravstvenom prosvećivanju trudnica o toksoplazmozi. Metode rada Grupa od 100 trudnica pregledanih u Nacionalnoj referentnoj laboratoriji za toksoplazmozu anketirana je o izvorima njihovih saznanja o toksoplazmozi. Istovremeno su pregledani veb-sajtovi na srpskom i hrvatskom jeziku, i to prva 23 koja se preko pretraživača Google pojavljuju na zadatu reč 'toksoplazmoza'. Analizirani su i ocenjeni sveobuhvatnost i tačnost informacija koje se odnose na uticaj toksoplazmoze na trudnoću, dijagnostiku i prevenciju ove infekcije. Rezultati Da imaju saznanja o toksoplazmozi potvrdile su 64 (64%) anketirane trudnice, od kojih je 26 (40,6%) saznanja steklo pretraživanjem interneta, 31 (48,5%) informacije je dobila od lekara, a sedam (10,9%) od prijatelja. Sa većim stepenom obrazovanja trudnice povećavala se i verovatnoća da će trudnica biti informisana preko interneta (RR=3,15; 95% CI=1,27-7,82; p=0,013). Analiza podataka sa četiri interaktivna veb-sajta pokazala je da većinu žena, pre svega, interesuju putevi širenja infekcije, dok su sledeća po učestalosti bila pitanja o dijagnostici. Od analiziranih članaka sa 20 informativnih veb-sajtova, samo sedam je bilo autorizovano, dok su u dva navedeni izvori informacija. Analiza je pokazala da je tačnost informacija bila značajno veća nego sveobuhvatnost, da nijedan analizirani sajt ne daje potpuno sveobuhvatne i tačne informacije, te da su samo četiri sajta (20%) dobar izvor informacija za trudnice o toksoplazmozi. Zaključak Internet je za trudnice značajan izvor informacija o toksoplazmozi. Iako su veb-sajtovi brojni, malo je onih koji su dobar izvor potrebnih podataka za čitaoce sa srpskog (ili hrvatskog) govornog područja, a nijedan ne daje u potpunosti sve potrebne i tačne informacije.",
publisher = "Srpsko lekarsko društvo, Beograd",
journal = "Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo",
title = "Toxoplasmosis and pregnancy: Reliability of internet sources of information, Toksoplazmoza i trudnoća - pouzdanost informacija s interneta",
pages = "445-438",
number = "7-8",
volume = "143",
doi = "10.2298/SARH1508438B"
}

Bobić, B., Štajner, T., Nikolić, A., Klun, I., Srbljanović, J.,& Đurković-Đaković, O.. (2015). Toxoplasmosis and pregnancy: Reliability of internet sources of information. in Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
Srpsko lekarsko društvo, Beograd., 143(7-8), 438-445.
https://doi.org/10.2298/SARH1508438B

Bobić B, Štajner T, Nikolić A, Klun I, Srbljanović J, Đurković-Đaković O. Toxoplasmosis and pregnancy: Reliability of internet sources of information. in Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo. 2015;143(7-8):438-445.
doi:10.2298/SARH1508438B .

Bobić, Branko, Štajner, Tijana, Nikolić, Aleksandra, Klun, Ivana, Srbljanović, Jelena, Đurković-Đaković, Olgica, "Toxoplasmosis and pregnancy: Reliability of internet sources of information" in Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo, 143, no. 7-8 (2015):438-445,
https://doi.org/10.2298/SARH1508438B . .