TY  - JOUR
AU  - Plutzer, Judit
AU  - Lassen, Brian
AU  - Jokelainen, Pikka
AU  - Đurković-Đaković, Olgica
AU  - Kucsera, Istvan
AU  - Dorbek-Kolin, Elisabeth
AU  - Soba, Barbara
AU  - Sreter, Tamas
AU  - Imre, Kalman
AU  - Omeragić, Jasmin
AU  - Nikolić, Aleksandra
AU  - Bobić, Branko
AU  - Živicnjak, Tatjana
AU  - Lucinger, Snježana
AU  - Lazaric-Stefanović, Lorena
AU  - Kucinar, Jasmina
AU  - Sroka, Jacek
AU  - Deksne, Gunita
AU  - Keidane, Dace
AU  - Kvac, Martin
AU  - Huzova, Zuzana
AU  - Karanis, Panagiotis
PY  - 2018
UR  - http://rimi.imi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/872
AB  - Introduction: This paper reviews the current knowledge and understanding of Cryptosporidium spp. an d Giardia spp. in humans, animals and the environment in 10 countries in the eastern part of Europe: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Poland, Romania, Serbia and Slovenia. Methods: Published scientific papers and conference proceedings from the international and local literature, official national health service reports, national databases and doctoral theses in local languages were reviewed to provide an extensive overview on the epidemiology, diagnostics and research on these pathogens, as well as analyse knowledge gaps and areas for further research. Results: Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. were found to be common in eastern Europe, but the results from different countries are difficult to compare because of variations in reporting practices and detection methodologies used. Conclusion: Upgrading and making the diagnosis/detection procedures more uniform is recommended throughout the region. Public health authorities should actively work towards increasing reporting and standardising reporting practices as these prerequisites for the reported data to be valid and therefore necessary for appropriate control plans.
PB  - Eur Centre Dis Prevention & Control, Stockholm
T2  - Eurosurveillance
T1  - Review of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in the eastern part of Europe, 2016
EP  - 43
IS  - 4
SP  - 21
VL  - 23
DO  - 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.4.16-00825
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Plutzer, Judit and Lassen, Brian and Jokelainen, Pikka and Đurković-Đaković, Olgica and Kucsera, Istvan and Dorbek-Kolin, Elisabeth and Soba, Barbara and Sreter, Tamas and Imre, Kalman and Omeragić, Jasmin and Nikolić, Aleksandra and Bobić, Branko and Živicnjak, Tatjana and Lucinger, Snježana and Lazaric-Stefanović, Lorena and Kucinar, Jasmina and Sroka, Jacek and Deksne, Gunita and Keidane, Dace and Kvac, Martin and Huzova, Zuzana and Karanis, Panagiotis",
year = "2018",
abstract = "Introduction: This paper reviews the current knowledge and understanding of Cryptosporidium spp. an d Giardia spp. in humans, animals and the environment in 10 countries in the eastern part of Europe: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Poland, Romania, Serbia and Slovenia. Methods: Published scientific papers and conference proceedings from the international and local literature, official national health service reports, national databases and doctoral theses in local languages were reviewed to provide an extensive overview on the epidemiology, diagnostics and research on these pathogens, as well as analyse knowledge gaps and areas for further research. Results: Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. were found to be common in eastern Europe, but the results from different countries are difficult to compare because of variations in reporting practices and detection methodologies used. Conclusion: Upgrading and making the diagnosis/detection procedures more uniform is recommended throughout the region. Public health authorities should actively work towards increasing reporting and standardising reporting practices as these prerequisites for the reported data to be valid and therefore necessary for appropriate control plans.",
publisher = "Eur Centre Dis Prevention & Control, Stockholm",
journal = "Eurosurveillance",
title = "Review of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in the eastern part of Europe, 2016",
pages = "43-21",
number = "4",
volume = "23",
doi = "10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.4.16-00825"
}

Plutzer, J., Lassen, B., Jokelainen, P., Đurković-Đaković, O., Kucsera, I., Dorbek-Kolin, E., Soba, B., Sreter, T., Imre, K., Omeragić, J., Nikolić, A., Bobić, B., Živicnjak, T., Lucinger, S., Lazaric-Stefanović, L., Kucinar, J., Sroka, J., Deksne, G., Keidane, D., Kvac, M., Huzova, Z.,& Karanis, P.. (2018). Review of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in the eastern part of Europe, 2016. in Eurosurveillance
Eur Centre Dis Prevention & Control, Stockholm., 23(4), 21-43.
https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.4.16-00825

Plutzer J, Lassen B, Jokelainen P, Đurković-Đaković O, Kucsera I, Dorbek-Kolin E, Soba B, Sreter T, Imre K, Omeragić J, Nikolić A, Bobić B, Živicnjak T, Lucinger S, Lazaric-Stefanović L, Kucinar J, Sroka J, Deksne G, Keidane D, Kvac M, Huzova Z, Karanis P. Review of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in the eastern part of Europe, 2016. in Eurosurveillance. 2018;23(4):21-43.
doi:10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.4.16-00825 .

Plutzer, Judit, Lassen, Brian, Jokelainen, Pikka, Đurković-Đaković, Olgica, Kucsera, Istvan, Dorbek-Kolin, Elisabeth, Soba, Barbara, Sreter, Tamas, Imre, Kalman, Omeragić, Jasmin, Nikolić, Aleksandra, Bobić, Branko, Živicnjak, Tatjana, Lucinger, Snježana, Lazaric-Stefanović, Lorena, Kucinar, Jasmina, Sroka, Jacek, Deksne, Gunita, Keidane, Dace, Kvac, Martin, Huzova, Zuzana, Karanis, Panagiotis, "Review of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in the eastern part of Europe, 2016" in Eurosurveillance, 23, no. 4 (2018):21-43,
https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.4.16-00825 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kuruca, Ljiljana
AU  - Klun, Ivana
AU  - Uzelac, Aleksandra
AU  - Nikolić, Aleksandra
AU  - Bobić, Branko
AU  - Simin, Stanislav
AU  - Lalošević, Vesna
AU  - Lalošević, Dušan
AU  - Đurković-Đaković, Olgica
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://rimi.imi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/793
AB  - Insufficiently cooked pork is considered as an important source of human infection with Toxoplasma gondii. The aim of our study was to investigate the presence of T. gondii in pigs intended for human consumption from Northern Serbia. Blood and diaphragm samples were collected from 182 naturally infected market-weight pigs, originating from both commercial farms and smallholdings. Sera were examined using modified agglutination test (MAT), and diaphragms from seropositive, as well as from some MAT-negative pigs, were bioassayed in mice. In addition, digests were examined for the presence of T. gondii DNA using a real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) which was targeted at the 529 bp repetitive element of the T. gondii genome. The overall seroprevalence of T. gondii in pigs was 17% (31/182), with no difference between pigs from large commercial farms (17.8%) and those raised on smallholdings (16.3%). However, the seroprevalence in farm pigs was largely influenced by the findings on a single farm, where all examined animals tested positive. Parasites and/or parasite DNA were detected in the tissues of 15 of the 45 (25 seropositive and 20 seronegative) animals examined by either direct method. Tissue cysts were isolated in eight bioassays and an additional bioassay was positive by serology; all nine were confirmed positive by qPCR. All positive bioassays originated from seropositive pigs, but no correlation was observed between isolation rate and antibody titer. T. gondii DNA was detected in diaphragm tissues of eight pigs, of which three were seronegative. The results of our study provide further evidence for pork as a source of human T. gondii infection.
PB  - Springer, New York
T2  - Parasitology Research
T1  - Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in naturally infected domestic pigs in Northern Serbia
EP  - 3123
IS  - 11
SP  - 3117
VL  - 116
DO  - 10.1007/s00436-017-5623-7
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Kuruca, Ljiljana and Klun, Ivana and Uzelac, Aleksandra and Nikolić, Aleksandra and Bobić, Branko and Simin, Stanislav and Lalošević, Vesna and Lalošević, Dušan and Đurković-Đaković, Olgica",
year = "2017",
abstract = "Insufficiently cooked pork is considered as an important source of human infection with Toxoplasma gondii. The aim of our study was to investigate the presence of T. gondii in pigs intended for human consumption from Northern Serbia. Blood and diaphragm samples were collected from 182 naturally infected market-weight pigs, originating from both commercial farms and smallholdings. Sera were examined using modified agglutination test (MAT), and diaphragms from seropositive, as well as from some MAT-negative pigs, were bioassayed in mice. In addition, digests were examined for the presence of T. gondii DNA using a real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) which was targeted at the 529 bp repetitive element of the T. gondii genome. The overall seroprevalence of T. gondii in pigs was 17% (31/182), with no difference between pigs from large commercial farms (17.8%) and those raised on smallholdings (16.3%). However, the seroprevalence in farm pigs was largely influenced by the findings on a single farm, where all examined animals tested positive. Parasites and/or parasite DNA were detected in the tissues of 15 of the 45 (25 seropositive and 20 seronegative) animals examined by either direct method. Tissue cysts were isolated in eight bioassays and an additional bioassay was positive by serology; all nine were confirmed positive by qPCR. All positive bioassays originated from seropositive pigs, but no correlation was observed between isolation rate and antibody titer. T. gondii DNA was detected in diaphragm tissues of eight pigs, of which three were seronegative. The results of our study provide further evidence for pork as a source of human T. gondii infection.",
publisher = "Springer, New York",
journal = "Parasitology Research",
title = "Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in naturally infected domestic pigs in Northern Serbia",
pages = "3123-3117",
number = "11",
volume = "116",
doi = "10.1007/s00436-017-5623-7"
}

Kuruca, L., Klun, I., Uzelac, A., Nikolić, A., Bobić, B., Simin, S., Lalošević, V., Lalošević, D.,& Đurković-Đaković, O.. (2017). Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in naturally infected domestic pigs in Northern Serbia. in Parasitology Research
Springer, New York., 116(11), 3117-3123.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-017-5623-7

Kuruca L, Klun I, Uzelac A, Nikolić A, Bobić B, Simin S, Lalošević V, Lalošević D, Đurković-Đaković O. Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in naturally infected domestic pigs in Northern Serbia. in Parasitology Research. 2017;116(11):3117-3123.
doi:10.1007/s00436-017-5623-7 .

Kuruca, Ljiljana, Klun, Ivana, Uzelac, Aleksandra, Nikolić, Aleksandra, Bobić, Branko, Simin, Stanislav, Lalošević, Vesna, Lalošević, Dušan, Đurković-Đaković, Olgica, "Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in naturally infected domestic pigs in Northern Serbia" in Parasitology Research, 116, no. 11 (2017):3117-3123,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-017-5623-7 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Klun, Ivana
AU  - Uzelac, Aleksandra
AU  - Villena, Isabelle
AU  - Mercier, Aurelien
AU  - Bobić, Branko
AU  - Nikolić, Aleksandra
AU  - Rajnpreht, Irena
AU  - Opsteegh, Marieke
AU  - Aubert, Dominique
AU  - Blaga, Radu
AU  - van der Giessen, Joke
AU  - Đurković-Đaković, Olgica
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://rimi.imi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/829
AB  - Background: Consumption of undercooked or insufficiently cured meat is a major risk factor for human infection with Toxoplasma gondii. Although horsemeat is typically consumed rare or undercooked, information on the risk of T. gondii from infected horse meat to humans is scarce. Here, we present the results of a study to determine the presence of T. gondii infection in slaughter horses in Serbia, and to attempt to isolate viable parasites. Methods: The study included horses from all regions of Serbia slaughtered at two abattoirs between June 2013 and June 2015. Blood sera were tested for the presence of specific IgG T. gondii antibodies by the modified agglutination test (MAT), and samples of trypsin-digested heart tissue were bioassayed in mice. Cyst-positive mouse brain homogenates were subjected to DNA extraction and T. gondii strains were genotyped using 15 microsatellite markers (MS). Results: A total of 105 slaughter horses were sampled. At the 1: 6 cut-off 48.6% of the examined horses were seropositive, with the highest titre being 1: 400. Viable parasites were isolated from two grade type mares; both parasite isolates (RS-Eq39 and RS-Eq40) were T. gondii type III, and both displayed an increased lethality for mice with successive passages. These are the first cases of isolation of T. gondii from horses in Serbia. When compared with a worldwide collection of 61 type III and type III-like strains, isolate RS-Eq39 showed a combination of MS lengths similar to a strain isolated from a duck in Iran, and isolate RS-Eq40 was identical in all markers to three strains isolated from a goat from Gabon, a sheep from France and a pig from Portugal. Interestingly, the source horses were one seronegative and one weakly seropositive. Conclusions: The isolation of viable T. gondii parasites from slaughter horses points to horsemeat as a potential source of human infection, but the fact that viable parasites were isolated from horses with only a serological trace of T. gondii infection presents further evidence that serology may not be adequate to assess the risk of toxoplasmosis from horsemeat consumption. Presence of T. gondii type III in Serbia sheds more light into the potential origin of this archetypal lineage in Europe.
PB  - BMC, London
T2  - Parasites & Vectors
T1  - The first isolation and molecular characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from horses in Serbia
IS  - 1
SP  - 167
VL  - 10
DO  - 10.1186/s13071-017-2104-x
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Klun, Ivana and Uzelac, Aleksandra and Villena, Isabelle and Mercier, Aurelien and Bobić, Branko and Nikolić, Aleksandra and Rajnpreht, Irena and Opsteegh, Marieke and Aubert, Dominique and Blaga, Radu and van der Giessen, Joke and Đurković-Đaković, Olgica",
year = "2017",
abstract = "Background: Consumption of undercooked or insufficiently cured meat is a major risk factor for human infection with Toxoplasma gondii. Although horsemeat is typically consumed rare or undercooked, information on the risk of T. gondii from infected horse meat to humans is scarce. Here, we present the results of a study to determine the presence of T. gondii infection in slaughter horses in Serbia, and to attempt to isolate viable parasites. Methods: The study included horses from all regions of Serbia slaughtered at two abattoirs between June 2013 and June 2015. Blood sera were tested for the presence of specific IgG T. gondii antibodies by the modified agglutination test (MAT), and samples of trypsin-digested heart tissue were bioassayed in mice. Cyst-positive mouse brain homogenates were subjected to DNA extraction and T. gondii strains were genotyped using 15 microsatellite markers (MS). Results: A total of 105 slaughter horses were sampled. At the 1: 6 cut-off 48.6% of the examined horses were seropositive, with the highest titre being 1: 400. Viable parasites were isolated from two grade type mares; both parasite isolates (RS-Eq39 and RS-Eq40) were T. gondii type III, and both displayed an increased lethality for mice with successive passages. These are the first cases of isolation of T. gondii from horses in Serbia. When compared with a worldwide collection of 61 type III and type III-like strains, isolate RS-Eq39 showed a combination of MS lengths similar to a strain isolated from a duck in Iran, and isolate RS-Eq40 was identical in all markers to three strains isolated from a goat from Gabon, a sheep from France and a pig from Portugal. Interestingly, the source horses were one seronegative and one weakly seropositive. Conclusions: The isolation of viable T. gondii parasites from slaughter horses points to horsemeat as a potential source of human infection, but the fact that viable parasites were isolated from horses with only a serological trace of T. gondii infection presents further evidence that serology may not be adequate to assess the risk of toxoplasmosis from horsemeat consumption. Presence of T. gondii type III in Serbia sheds more light into the potential origin of this archetypal lineage in Europe.",
publisher = "BMC, London",
journal = "Parasites & Vectors",
title = "The first isolation and molecular characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from horses in Serbia",
number = "1",
pages = "167",
volume = "10",
doi = "10.1186/s13071-017-2104-x"
}

Klun, I., Uzelac, A., Villena, I., Mercier, A., Bobić, B., Nikolić, A., Rajnpreht, I., Opsteegh, M., Aubert, D., Blaga, R., van der Giessen, J.,& Đurković-Đaković, O.. (2017). The first isolation and molecular characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from horses in Serbia. in Parasites & Vectors
BMC, London., 10(1), 167.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-017-2104-x

Klun I, Uzelac A, Villena I, Mercier A, Bobić B, Nikolić A, Rajnpreht I, Opsteegh M, Aubert D, Blaga R, van der Giessen J, Đurković-Đaković O. The first isolation and molecular characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from horses in Serbia. in Parasites & Vectors. 2017;10(1):167.
doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2104-x .

Klun, Ivana, Uzelac, Aleksandra, Villena, Isabelle, Mercier, Aurelien, Bobić, Branko, Nikolić, Aleksandra, Rajnpreht, Irena, Opsteegh, Marieke, Aubert, Dominique, Blaga, Radu, van der Giessen, Joke, Đurković-Đaković, Olgica, "The first isolation and molecular characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from horses in Serbia" in Parasites & Vectors, 10, no. 1 (2017):167,
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-017-2104-x . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kuruca, Ljiljana
AU  - Klun, Ivana
AU  - Uzelac, Aleksandra
AU  - Nikolić, Aleksandra
AU  - Bobić, Branko
AU  - Simin, Stanislav
AU  - Đurković-Đaković, Olgica
AU  - Lalošević, Vesna
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://rimi.imi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/713
AB  - Toxoplasma gondii is considered one of the most successful parasites of humans and animals. The ingestion of viable cysts through the consumption of undercooked pork is recognized as a significant route of human infection with T. gondii. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of viable parasite in tissues of free-range pigs from the Zasavica Special Nature Reserve. All pigs were of the Mangulica breed, raised in a traditional way. The serological screening was performed using a modified agglutination test (MAT). The isolation of viable T. gondii was attempted by a bioassay of pig heart tissue in mice, while the real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) targeted at the 529 bp repetitive element of T. gondii was used to detect parasitic DNA in digested hearts. Specific antibodies were detected in 12 out of 18 pigs examined. The bioassay was performed for five MAT-positive and one MAT-negative pig, and a total of three isolates were obtained. qPCR was performed for all samples, including one MAT-negative sample that was not bioassayed. The presence of T. gondii DNA was confirmed in all hearts with a positive bioassay as well as in one originating from seropositive and one from seronegative pig whose hearts were not bioassayed. The successful isolation of viable cysts, presence of risk factors (such as older age at the time of slaughter) and increased contact with the environment, along with the great appreciation of Serbian consumers towards home-cured Mangulica’s meat, make this breed worthy of consideration as a potentially important reservoir of human infection.
AB  - Toxoplasma gondii predstavlja jednog od najuspešnijih parazita ljudi i životinja. Ingestija vijabilnih cista, putem konzumacije termički nedovoljno obrađenog mesa, smatra se jednim od dominantnih puteva humane infekcije ovim parazitom. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se ispita prisustvo vijabilnih parazita u tkivima slobodno držanih svinja u Specijalnom rezervatu prirode “Zasavica”. Sve ispitane svinje su pripadale rasi mangulica i gajene su na tradicionalan način. Serološka ispitivanja su sprovedena upotrebom testa modifikovane aglutinacije (MAT). Za izolaciju vijabilnih parazita iz tkiva (srca) svinja korišćen je biološki ogled na miševima, dok je reakcija lančane polimeraze u stvarnom vremenu (qPCR), kojom se detektuje 529 bp repetitivni element genoma T. gondii upotrebljena za detekciju parazitske DNK. Specifična antitela su pronađena kod 12 od 18 ispitanih svinja. Biološki ogled je postavljen za 5 MAT-pozitivnih i jednu MAT-negativnu svinju, iz čega su dobijena ukupno tri izolata T. gondii. qPCR je urađen za sve uzorke, uključujući i jedan MAT-negativan uzorak, za koji nije postavljen biološki ogled. DNK T. gondii je dokazana u digestima srca svih svinja iz kojih je parazit uspešno izolovan, kao i kod jedne seropozitivne i jedne seronegativne svinje za čija srca nije postavljen biološki ogled. Izolacija vijabilnih cista, prisustvo faktora rizika kao što je kasnostasnost rase, povećan kontakt sa spoljašnjom sredinom kao i činjenica da su domaći suhomesnati proizvodi od mesa mangulice visoko cenjeni od strane srpskih potrošača, čine ovu rasu svinja potencijalno značajnim rezervoarom T. gondii za ljude.
PB  - Univerzitet u Novom Sadu - Poljoprivredni fakultet, Novi Sad i Naučni institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad
T2  - Savremena poljoprivreda
T1  - Detection of viable Toxoplasma gondii in free-range pigs from the Special nature reserve of Zasavica
T1  - Detekcija vijabilnog parazita Toxoplasma gondii kod slobodno držanih svinja iz Specijalnog rezervata prirode Zasavica
EP  - 6
IS  - 3-4
SP  - 1
VL  - 65
DO  - 10.1515/contagri-2016-0010
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Kuruca, Ljiljana and Klun, Ivana and Uzelac, Aleksandra and Nikolić, Aleksandra and Bobić, Branko and Simin, Stanislav and Đurković-Đaković, Olgica and Lalošević, Vesna",
year = "2016",
abstract = "Toxoplasma gondii is considered one of the most successful parasites of humans and animals. The ingestion of viable cysts through the consumption of undercooked pork is recognized as a significant route of human infection with T. gondii. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of viable parasite in tissues of free-range pigs from the Zasavica Special Nature Reserve. All pigs were of the Mangulica breed, raised in a traditional way. The serological screening was performed using a modified agglutination test (MAT). The isolation of viable T. gondii was attempted by a bioassay of pig heart tissue in mice, while the real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) targeted at the 529 bp repetitive element of T. gondii was used to detect parasitic DNA in digested hearts. Specific antibodies were detected in 12 out of 18 pigs examined. The bioassay was performed for five MAT-positive and one MAT-negative pig, and a total of three isolates were obtained. qPCR was performed for all samples, including one MAT-negative sample that was not bioassayed. The presence of T. gondii DNA was confirmed in all hearts with a positive bioassay as well as in one originating from seropositive and one from seronegative pig whose hearts were not bioassayed. The successful isolation of viable cysts, presence of risk factors (such as older age at the time of slaughter) and increased contact with the environment, along with the great appreciation of Serbian consumers towards home-cured Mangulica’s meat, make this breed worthy of consideration as a potentially important reservoir of human infection., Toxoplasma gondii predstavlja jednog od najuspešnijih parazita ljudi i životinja. Ingestija vijabilnih cista, putem konzumacije termički nedovoljno obrađenog mesa, smatra se jednim od dominantnih puteva humane infekcije ovim parazitom. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se ispita prisustvo vijabilnih parazita u tkivima slobodno držanih svinja u Specijalnom rezervatu prirode “Zasavica”. Sve ispitane svinje su pripadale rasi mangulica i gajene su na tradicionalan način. Serološka ispitivanja su sprovedena upotrebom testa modifikovane aglutinacije (MAT). Za izolaciju vijabilnih parazita iz tkiva (srca) svinja korišćen je biološki ogled na miševima, dok je reakcija lančane polimeraze u stvarnom vremenu (qPCR), kojom se detektuje 529 bp repetitivni element genoma T. gondii upotrebljena za detekciju parazitske DNK. Specifična antitela su pronađena kod 12 od 18 ispitanih svinja. Biološki ogled je postavljen za 5 MAT-pozitivnih i jednu MAT-negativnu svinju, iz čega su dobijena ukupno tri izolata T. gondii. qPCR je urađen za sve uzorke, uključujući i jedan MAT-negativan uzorak, za koji nije postavljen biološki ogled. DNK T. gondii je dokazana u digestima srca svih svinja iz kojih je parazit uspešno izolovan, kao i kod jedne seropozitivne i jedne seronegativne svinje za čija srca nije postavljen biološki ogled. Izolacija vijabilnih cista, prisustvo faktora rizika kao što je kasnostasnost rase, povećan kontakt sa spoljašnjom sredinom kao i činjenica da su domaći suhomesnati proizvodi od mesa mangulice visoko cenjeni od strane srpskih potrošača, čine ovu rasu svinja potencijalno značajnim rezervoarom T. gondii za ljude.",
publisher = "Univerzitet u Novom Sadu - Poljoprivredni fakultet, Novi Sad i Naučni institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad",
journal = "Savremena poljoprivreda",
title = "Detection of viable Toxoplasma gondii in free-range pigs from the Special nature reserve of Zasavica, Detekcija vijabilnog parazita Toxoplasma gondii kod slobodno držanih svinja iz Specijalnog rezervata prirode Zasavica",
pages = "6-1",
number = "3-4",
volume = "65",
doi = "10.1515/contagri-2016-0010"
}

Kuruca, L., Klun, I., Uzelac, A., Nikolić, A., Bobić, B., Simin, S., Đurković-Đaković, O.,& Lalošević, V.. (2016). Detection of viable Toxoplasma gondii in free-range pigs from the Special nature reserve of Zasavica. in Savremena poljoprivreda
Univerzitet u Novom Sadu - Poljoprivredni fakultet, Novi Sad i Naučni institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad., 65(3-4), 1-6.
https://doi.org/10.1515/contagri-2016-0010

Kuruca L, Klun I, Uzelac A, Nikolić A, Bobić B, Simin S, Đurković-Đaković O, Lalošević V. Detection of viable Toxoplasma gondii in free-range pigs from the Special nature reserve of Zasavica. in Savremena poljoprivreda. 2016;65(3-4):1-6.
doi:10.1515/contagri-2016-0010 .

Kuruca, Ljiljana, Klun, Ivana, Uzelac, Aleksandra, Nikolić, Aleksandra, Bobić, Branko, Simin, Stanislav, Đurković-Đaković, Olgica, Lalošević, Vesna, "Detection of viable Toxoplasma gondii in free-range pigs from the Special nature reserve of Zasavica" in Savremena poljoprivreda, 65, no. 3-4 (2016):1-6,
https://doi.org/10.1515/contagri-2016-0010 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Štajner, Tijana
AU  - Bobić, Branko
AU  - Klun, Ivana
AU  - Nikolić, Aleksandra
AU  - Srbljanović, Jelena
AU  - Uzelac, Aleksandra
AU  - Rajnpreht, Irena
AU  - Đurković-Đaković, Olgica
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://rimi.imi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/719
AB  - To determine the risk of congenital toxoplasmosis (CT) and provide early (pre-or postnatal) identification of cases of CT in the absence of systematic screening in pregnancy. In the presented cross-sectional study, serological criteria were used to date Toxoplasma gondii infection versus conception in 80 pregnant women with fetal abnormalities or referred to as suspected of acute infection, and in 16 women after delivery of symptomatic neonates. A combination of serological, molecular (qPCR), and biological (bioassay) methods was used for prenatal and/or postnatal diagnosis of CT. Most (77.5%) pregnant women were examined in advanced pregnancy. Of all the examined seropositive women (n = 90), infection could not be ruled out to have occurred during pregnancy in 93.3%, of which the majority (69%) was dated to the periconceptual period. CT was diagnosed in 25 cases, of which 17 prenatally and 8 postnatally. Molecular diagnosis proved superior, but the diagnosis of CT based on bioassay in 7 instances and by Western blot in 2 neonates shows that other methods remain indispensable. In the absence of systematic screening in pregnancy, maternal infection is often diagnosed late, or even only when fetal/neonatal infection is suspected. In such situations, use of a complex algorithm involving a combination of serological, biological, and molecular methods allows for prenatal and/or early postnatal diagnosis of CT, but lacks the preventive capacity provided by early maternal treatment.
PB  - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia
T2  - Medicine
T1  - Prenatal and Early Postnatal Diagnosis of Congenital Toxoplasmosis in a Setting With No Systematic Screening in Pregnancy
IS  - 9
VL  - 95
DO  - 10.1097/MD.0000000000002979
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Štajner, Tijana and Bobić, Branko and Klun, Ivana and Nikolić, Aleksandra and Srbljanović, Jelena and Uzelac, Aleksandra and Rajnpreht, Irena and Đurković-Đaković, Olgica",
year = "2016",
abstract = "To determine the risk of congenital toxoplasmosis (CT) and provide early (pre-or postnatal) identification of cases of CT in the absence of systematic screening in pregnancy. In the presented cross-sectional study, serological criteria were used to date Toxoplasma gondii infection versus conception in 80 pregnant women with fetal abnormalities or referred to as suspected of acute infection, and in 16 women after delivery of symptomatic neonates. A combination of serological, molecular (qPCR), and biological (bioassay) methods was used for prenatal and/or postnatal diagnosis of CT. Most (77.5%) pregnant women were examined in advanced pregnancy. Of all the examined seropositive women (n = 90), infection could not be ruled out to have occurred during pregnancy in 93.3%, of which the majority (69%) was dated to the periconceptual period. CT was diagnosed in 25 cases, of which 17 prenatally and 8 postnatally. Molecular diagnosis proved superior, but the diagnosis of CT based on bioassay in 7 instances and by Western blot in 2 neonates shows that other methods remain indispensable. In the absence of systematic screening in pregnancy, maternal infection is often diagnosed late, or even only when fetal/neonatal infection is suspected. In such situations, use of a complex algorithm involving a combination of serological, biological, and molecular methods allows for prenatal and/or early postnatal diagnosis of CT, but lacks the preventive capacity provided by early maternal treatment.",
publisher = "Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia",
journal = "Medicine",
title = "Prenatal and Early Postnatal Diagnosis of Congenital Toxoplasmosis in a Setting With No Systematic Screening in Pregnancy",
number = "9",
volume = "95",
doi = "10.1097/MD.0000000000002979"
}

Štajner, T., Bobić, B., Klun, I., Nikolić, A., Srbljanović, J., Uzelac, A., Rajnpreht, I.,& Đurković-Đaković, O.. (2016). Prenatal and Early Postnatal Diagnosis of Congenital Toxoplasmosis in a Setting With No Systematic Screening in Pregnancy. in Medicine
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia., 95(9).
https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000002979

Štajner T, Bobić B, Klun I, Nikolić A, Srbljanović J, Uzelac A, Rajnpreht I, Đurković-Đaković O. Prenatal and Early Postnatal Diagnosis of Congenital Toxoplasmosis in a Setting With No Systematic Screening in Pregnancy. in Medicine. 2016;95(9).
doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000002979 .

Štajner, Tijana, Bobić, Branko, Klun, Ivana, Nikolić, Aleksandra, Srbljanović, Jelena, Uzelac, Aleksandra, Rajnpreht, Irena, Đurković-Đaković, Olgica, "Prenatal and Early Postnatal Diagnosis of Congenital Toxoplasmosis in a Setting With No Systematic Screening in Pregnancy" in Medicine, 95, no. 9 (2016),
https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000002979 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bobić, Branko
AU  - Štajner, Tijana
AU  - Nikolić, Aleksandra
AU  - Klun, Ivana
AU  - Srbljanović, Jelena
AU  - Đurković-Đaković, Olgica
PY  - 2015
UR  - http://rimi.imi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/630
AB  - Introduction Health education of women of childbearing age has been shown to be an acceptable approach to the prevention of toxoplasmosis, the most frequent congenitally transmitted parasitic infection. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the Internet as a source of health education on toxoplasmosis in pregnancy. Methods A group of 100 pregnant women examined in the National Reference Laboratory for Toxoplasmosis was surveyed by a questionnaire on the source of their information on toxoplasmosis. We also analyzed information offered by websites in the Serbian and Croatian languages through the Google search engine, using 'toxoplasmosis' as a keyword. The 23 top websites were evaluated for comprehensiveness and accuracy of information on the impact of toxoplasmosis on the course of pregnancy, diagnosis and prevention. Results Having knowledge on toxoplasmosis was confirmed by 64 (64.0%) examined women, 40.6% (26/64) of whom learned about toxoplasmosis through the Internet, 48.4% from physicians, and 10.9% from friends. Increase in the degree of education was found to be associated with the probability that pregnant women would be informed via the Internet (RR=3.15, 95% CI=1.27-7.82, p=0.013). Analysis of four interactive web- sites (allowing users to ask questions) showed that routes of infection were the most common concern, particularly the risk presented by pet cats and dogs, followed by the diagnosis of infection (who and when should be tested, and how should the results be interpreted). Of 20 sites containing educational articles, only seven were authorized and two listed sources. Evaluation confirmed that information relevant to pregnant women was significantly more accurate than comprehensive, but no site gave both comprehensive and completely accurate information. Only four sites (20%) were good sources of information for pregnant women. Conclusion Internet has proved itself as an important source of information. However, despite numerous websites, only a few offer reliable information to the Serbian (or Croat) speaking community, and none present complete and accurate information relevant to pregnant women.
AB  - Uvod Zdravstveno prosvećivanje žena generativne dobi definisano je ranijim istraživanjima kao prihvatljiv pristup prevenciji toksoplazmoze, najznačajnije parazitske perinatalne infekcije. Cilj rada Cilj istraživanja je bio da se oceni uloga veb-sajtova u zdravstvenom prosvećivanju trudnica o toksoplazmozi. Metode rada Grupa od 100 trudnica pregledanih u Nacionalnoj referentnoj laboratoriji za toksoplazmozu anketirana je o izvorima njihovih saznanja o toksoplazmozi. Istovremeno su pregledani veb-sajtovi na srpskom i hrvatskom jeziku, i to prva 23 koja se preko pretraživača Google pojavljuju na zadatu reč 'toksoplazmoza'. Analizirani su i ocenjeni sveobuhvatnost i tačnost informacija koje se odnose na uticaj toksoplazmoze na trudnoću, dijagnostiku i prevenciju ove infekcije. Rezultati Da imaju saznanja o toksoplazmozi potvrdile su 64 (64%) anketirane trudnice, od kojih je 26 (40,6%) saznanja steklo pretraživanjem interneta, 31 (48,5%) informacije je dobila od lekara, a sedam (10,9%) od prijatelja. Sa većim stepenom obrazovanja trudnice povećavala se i verovatnoća da će trudnica biti informisana preko interneta (RR=3,15; 95% CI=1,27-7,82; p=0,013). Analiza podataka sa četiri interaktivna veb-sajta pokazala je da većinu žena, pre svega, interesuju putevi širenja infekcije, dok su sledeća po učestalosti bila pitanja o dijagnostici. Od analiziranih članaka sa 20 informativnih veb-sajtova, samo sedam je bilo autorizovano, dok su u dva navedeni izvori informacija. Analiza je pokazala da je tačnost informacija bila značajno veća nego sveobuhvatnost, da nijedan analizirani sajt ne daje potpuno sveobuhvatne i tačne informacije, te da su samo četiri sajta (20%) dobar izvor informacija za trudnice o toksoplazmozi. Zaključak Internet je za trudnice značajan izvor informacija o toksoplazmozi. Iako su veb-sajtovi brojni, malo je onih koji su dobar izvor potrebnih podataka za čitaoce sa srpskog (ili hrvatskog) govornog područja, a nijedan ne daje u potpunosti sve potrebne i tačne informacije.
PB  - Srpsko lekarsko društvo, Beograd
T2  - Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
T1  - Toxoplasmosis and pregnancy: Reliability of internet sources of information
T1  - Toksoplazmoza i trudnoća - pouzdanost informacija s interneta
EP  - 445
IS  - 7-8
SP  - 438
VL  - 143
DO  - 10.2298/SARH1508438B
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Bobić, Branko and Štajner, Tijana and Nikolić, Aleksandra and Klun, Ivana and Srbljanović, Jelena and Đurković-Đaković, Olgica",
year = "2015",
abstract = "Introduction Health education of women of childbearing age has been shown to be an acceptable approach to the prevention of toxoplasmosis, the most frequent congenitally transmitted parasitic infection. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the Internet as a source of health education on toxoplasmosis in pregnancy. Methods A group of 100 pregnant women examined in the National Reference Laboratory for Toxoplasmosis was surveyed by a questionnaire on the source of their information on toxoplasmosis. We also analyzed information offered by websites in the Serbian and Croatian languages through the Google search engine, using 'toxoplasmosis' as a keyword. The 23 top websites were evaluated for comprehensiveness and accuracy of information on the impact of toxoplasmosis on the course of pregnancy, diagnosis and prevention. Results Having knowledge on toxoplasmosis was confirmed by 64 (64.0%) examined women, 40.6% (26/64) of whom learned about toxoplasmosis through the Internet, 48.4% from physicians, and 10.9% from friends. Increase in the degree of education was found to be associated with the probability that pregnant women would be informed via the Internet (RR=3.15, 95% CI=1.27-7.82, p=0.013). Analysis of four interactive web- sites (allowing users to ask questions) showed that routes of infection were the most common concern, particularly the risk presented by pet cats and dogs, followed by the diagnosis of infection (who and when should be tested, and how should the results be interpreted). Of 20 sites containing educational articles, only seven were authorized and two listed sources. Evaluation confirmed that information relevant to pregnant women was significantly more accurate than comprehensive, but no site gave both comprehensive and completely accurate information. Only four sites (20%) were good sources of information for pregnant women. Conclusion Internet has proved itself as an important source of information. However, despite numerous websites, only a few offer reliable information to the Serbian (or Croat) speaking community, and none present complete and accurate information relevant to pregnant women., Uvod Zdravstveno prosvećivanje žena generativne dobi definisano je ranijim istraživanjima kao prihvatljiv pristup prevenciji toksoplazmoze, najznačajnije parazitske perinatalne infekcije. Cilj rada Cilj istraživanja je bio da se oceni uloga veb-sajtova u zdravstvenom prosvećivanju trudnica o toksoplazmozi. Metode rada Grupa od 100 trudnica pregledanih u Nacionalnoj referentnoj laboratoriji za toksoplazmozu anketirana je o izvorima njihovih saznanja o toksoplazmozi. Istovremeno su pregledani veb-sajtovi na srpskom i hrvatskom jeziku, i to prva 23 koja se preko pretraživača Google pojavljuju na zadatu reč 'toksoplazmoza'. Analizirani su i ocenjeni sveobuhvatnost i tačnost informacija koje se odnose na uticaj toksoplazmoze na trudnoću, dijagnostiku i prevenciju ove infekcije. Rezultati Da imaju saznanja o toksoplazmozi potvrdile su 64 (64%) anketirane trudnice, od kojih je 26 (40,6%) saznanja steklo pretraživanjem interneta, 31 (48,5%) informacije je dobila od lekara, a sedam (10,9%) od prijatelja. Sa većim stepenom obrazovanja trudnice povećavala se i verovatnoća da će trudnica biti informisana preko interneta (RR=3,15; 95% CI=1,27-7,82; p=0,013). Analiza podataka sa četiri interaktivna veb-sajta pokazala je da većinu žena, pre svega, interesuju putevi širenja infekcije, dok su sledeća po učestalosti bila pitanja o dijagnostici. Od analiziranih članaka sa 20 informativnih veb-sajtova, samo sedam je bilo autorizovano, dok su u dva navedeni izvori informacija. Analiza je pokazala da je tačnost informacija bila značajno veća nego sveobuhvatnost, da nijedan analizirani sajt ne daje potpuno sveobuhvatne i tačne informacije, te da su samo četiri sajta (20%) dobar izvor informacija za trudnice o toksoplazmozi. Zaključak Internet je za trudnice značajan izvor informacija o toksoplazmozi. Iako su veb-sajtovi brojni, malo je onih koji su dobar izvor potrebnih podataka za čitaoce sa srpskog (ili hrvatskog) govornog područja, a nijedan ne daje u potpunosti sve potrebne i tačne informacije.",
publisher = "Srpsko lekarsko društvo, Beograd",
journal = "Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo",
title = "Toxoplasmosis and pregnancy: Reliability of internet sources of information, Toksoplazmoza i trudnoća - pouzdanost informacija s interneta",
pages = "445-438",
number = "7-8",
volume = "143",
doi = "10.2298/SARH1508438B"
}

Bobić, B., Štajner, T., Nikolić, A., Klun, I., Srbljanović, J.,& Đurković-Đaković, O.. (2015). Toxoplasmosis and pregnancy: Reliability of internet sources of information. in Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
Srpsko lekarsko društvo, Beograd., 143(7-8), 438-445.
https://doi.org/10.2298/SARH1508438B

Bobić B, Štajner T, Nikolić A, Klun I, Srbljanović J, Đurković-Đaković O. Toxoplasmosis and pregnancy: Reliability of internet sources of information. in Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo. 2015;143(7-8):438-445.
doi:10.2298/SARH1508438B .

Bobić, Branko, Štajner, Tijana, Nikolić, Aleksandra, Klun, Ivana, Srbljanović, Jelena, Đurković-Đaković, Olgica, "Toxoplasmosis and pregnancy: Reliability of internet sources of information" in Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo, 143, no. 7-8 (2015):438-445,
https://doi.org/10.2298/SARH1508438B . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Marković, Marija
AU  - Ivović, Vladimir
AU  - Štajner, Tijana
AU  - Đokić, Vitomir
AU  - Klun, Ivana
AU  - Bobić, Branko
AU  - Nikolić, Aleksandra
AU  - Đurković-Đaković, Olgica
PY  - 2014
UR  - http://rimi.imi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/539
AB  - To contribute to the insight into the worldwide population structure of Toxoplasma gondii, we genetically characterized a total of eight strains isolated from intermediate hosts including humans, sheep and pigeons in Serbia. Although parasite DNA was detected in 28.2% (60/213) of the human samples from 162 patients serologically suspected of active toxoplasmosis, as well as in 5/7 seropositive pigeons and in 2/12 seropositive sheep examined, multilocus PCR-RFLP genotyping, using SAGI, 5'SAG2, 3'SAG2, GRA6, 5'GRA7 and 3'GRA7 as markers, was successful in only four human isolates (of which one was isolated from both the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and blood samples of a single patient), one sheep and three pigeons. Of the eight isolates, five were type II (62.5%), one was type III, one was atypical, and one had a type I allele at GRA6 as the single locus genotyped. Although type II, as elsewhere in Europe, predominated, these results may suggest a higher genetic diversity of T. gondii in Serbia, reflecting local environmental contamination and also the geographical position of the country in South-East Europe.
PB  - Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford
T2  - Comparative Immunology Microbiology & Infectious Diseases
T1  - Evidence for genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii in selected intermediate hosts in Serbia
EP  - 179
IS  - 3
SP  - 173
VL  - 37
DO  - 10.1016/j.cimid.2014.03.001
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Marković, Marija and Ivović, Vladimir and Štajner, Tijana and Đokić, Vitomir and Klun, Ivana and Bobić, Branko and Nikolić, Aleksandra and Đurković-Đaković, Olgica",
year = "2014",
abstract = "To contribute to the insight into the worldwide population structure of Toxoplasma gondii, we genetically characterized a total of eight strains isolated from intermediate hosts including humans, sheep and pigeons in Serbia. Although parasite DNA was detected in 28.2% (60/213) of the human samples from 162 patients serologically suspected of active toxoplasmosis, as well as in 5/7 seropositive pigeons and in 2/12 seropositive sheep examined, multilocus PCR-RFLP genotyping, using SAGI, 5'SAG2, 3'SAG2, GRA6, 5'GRA7 and 3'GRA7 as markers, was successful in only four human isolates (of which one was isolated from both the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and blood samples of a single patient), one sheep and three pigeons. Of the eight isolates, five were type II (62.5%), one was type III, one was atypical, and one had a type I allele at GRA6 as the single locus genotyped. Although type II, as elsewhere in Europe, predominated, these results may suggest a higher genetic diversity of T. gondii in Serbia, reflecting local environmental contamination and also the geographical position of the country in South-East Europe.",
publisher = "Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford",
journal = "Comparative Immunology Microbiology & Infectious Diseases",
title = "Evidence for genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii in selected intermediate hosts in Serbia",
pages = "179-173",
number = "3",
volume = "37",
doi = "10.1016/j.cimid.2014.03.001"
}

Marković, M., Ivović, V., Štajner, T., Đokić, V., Klun, I., Bobić, B., Nikolić, A.,& Đurković-Đaković, O.. (2014). Evidence for genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii in selected intermediate hosts in Serbia. in Comparative Immunology Microbiology & Infectious Diseases
Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford., 37(3), 173-179.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cimid.2014.03.001

Marković M, Ivović V, Štajner T, Đokić V, Klun I, Bobić B, Nikolić A, Đurković-Đaković O. Evidence for genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii in selected intermediate hosts in Serbia. in Comparative Immunology Microbiology & Infectious Diseases. 2014;37(3):173-179.
doi:10.1016/j.cimid.2014.03.001 .

Marković, Marija, Ivović, Vladimir, Štajner, Tijana, Đokić, Vitomir, Klun, Ivana, Bobić, Branko, Nikolić, Aleksandra, Đurković-Đaković, Olgica, "Evidence for genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii in selected intermediate hosts in Serbia" in Comparative Immunology Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 37, no. 3 (2014):173-179,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cimid.2014.03.001 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Đurković-Đaković, Olgica
AU  - Bobić, Branko
AU  - Nikolić, Aleksandra
AU  - Klun, Ivana
AU  - Dupouy-Camet, Jean
PY  - 2013
UR  - http://rimi.imi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/455
AB  - Foodborne zoonoses have been estimated to annually affect 10% of the global population, among which zoonotic parasites constitute an important class of aetiological agents. The major meatborne parasites include the protozoa Toxoplasma gondii and Sarcocystis spp., and the helminths Trichinella spp. and Taenia spp., all of which may be transmitted by pork. The significance of zoonotic parasites transmitted by pork consumption is emphasized by the prediction by the Food and Agriculture Organization of an 18.5% increase in world pork production over the next 10years. Of all the porkborne parasites, the three T' parasites have been responsible for most porkborne illness throughout history; they are still endemic, and therefore are important public-health concerns, in developing countries. Although the risk of porkborne parasites, particularly helminths, may currently be considered insignificant in developed countries, the modern trend of consuming raw meat favours their re-emergence. This paper overviews the main parasites transmitted to humans by pork, and outlines the main lines of prevention.
PB  - Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford
T2  - Clinical Microbiology & Infection
T1  - Pork as a source of human parasitic infection
EP  - 594
IS  - 7
SP  - 586
VL  - 19
DO  - 10.1111/1469-0691.12162
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Đurković-Đaković, Olgica and Bobić, Branko and Nikolić, Aleksandra and Klun, Ivana and Dupouy-Camet, Jean",
year = "2013",
abstract = "Foodborne zoonoses have been estimated to annually affect 10% of the global population, among which zoonotic parasites constitute an important class of aetiological agents. The major meatborne parasites include the protozoa Toxoplasma gondii and Sarcocystis spp., and the helminths Trichinella spp. and Taenia spp., all of which may be transmitted by pork. The significance of zoonotic parasites transmitted by pork consumption is emphasized by the prediction by the Food and Agriculture Organization of an 18.5% increase in world pork production over the next 10years. Of all the porkborne parasites, the three T' parasites have been responsible for most porkborne illness throughout history; they are still endemic, and therefore are important public-health concerns, in developing countries. Although the risk of porkborne parasites, particularly helminths, may currently be considered insignificant in developed countries, the modern trend of consuming raw meat favours their re-emergence. This paper overviews the main parasites transmitted to humans by pork, and outlines the main lines of prevention.",
publisher = "Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford",
journal = "Clinical Microbiology & Infection",
title = "Pork as a source of human parasitic infection",
pages = "594-586",
number = "7",
volume = "19",
doi = "10.1111/1469-0691.12162"
}

Đurković-Đaković, O., Bobić, B., Nikolić, A., Klun, I.,& Dupouy-Camet, J.. (2013). Pork as a source of human parasitic infection. in Clinical Microbiology & Infection
Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford., 19(7), 586-594.
https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-0691.12162

Đurković-Đaković O, Bobić B, Nikolić A, Klun I, Dupouy-Camet J. Pork as a source of human parasitic infection. in Clinical Microbiology & Infection. 2013;19(7):586-594.
doi:10.1111/1469-0691.12162 .

Đurković-Đaković, Olgica, Bobić, Branko, Nikolić, Aleksandra, Klun, Ivana, Dupouy-Camet, Jean, "Pork as a source of human parasitic infection" in Clinical Microbiology & Infection, 19, no. 7 (2013):586-594,
https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-0691.12162 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bobić, Branko
AU  - Nikolić, Aleksandra
AU  - Katić-Radivojević, Sofija
AU  - Klun, Ivana
AU  - Đurković-Đaković, Olgica
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://rimi.imi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/394
AB  - Echinococcosis (hydatidosis) is traditionally endemic in Southeast Europe, Serbia included. In Serbia, echinococcosis is mandatory reportable, and this review analyzes the officially reported data as well as the research data published between 1998 and 2010. Official data on human and animal infections were obtained from the Institute of Public Health of Serbia (IPHS, 2010), and from the Ministry of Agriculture, Trade, Forestry and Water Management (MATFWM) and the Statistical Office, respectively. Published data were obtained by searching the Medline, Scopus, and Google databases using "echinococcosis," "hydatidosis," and "Serbia" as key words. In addition, the search included national journals and doctoral theses, as well as conference proceedings. Only Echinococcus granulosus has been reported in Serbia, with a total of 409 cases of human infection officially reported during the observed period as opposed to 820 cases described in clinical studies. No trend in the incidence of infection was shown among adults, but the number of cases in children continuously decreased over the period. Patients were more frequently female and from rural areas. Differences in the geographic distribution of cases were noted, with a lower incidence in the central part of country. Liver disease was by far the most common presentation, but cases of unusual cyst locations have been described. Among domestic animals, sheep were the most highly infected species. A decreasing incidence of echinococcosis in animals has been noted as of the 1970s. Echinococcosis continues to be endemic in Serbia in the 21st century, but despite predictions, neither official data nor those from clinical studies indicate its re-emergence. However, there is gross underreporting. Public health authorities should actively work to increase reporting, as only valid reported data provide an accurate basis for future control plans.
PB  - Mary Ann Liebert, Inc, New Rochelle
T2  - Foodborne Pathogens & Disease
T1  - Echinococcosis in Serbia: An Issue for the 21st Century?
EP  - 973
IS  - 11
SP  - 967
VL  - 9
DO  - 10.1089/fpd.2012.1227
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Bobić, Branko and Nikolić, Aleksandra and Katić-Radivojević, Sofija and Klun, Ivana and Đurković-Đaković, Olgica",
year = "2012",
abstract = "Echinococcosis (hydatidosis) is traditionally endemic in Southeast Europe, Serbia included. In Serbia, echinococcosis is mandatory reportable, and this review analyzes the officially reported data as well as the research data published between 1998 and 2010. Official data on human and animal infections were obtained from the Institute of Public Health of Serbia (IPHS, 2010), and from the Ministry of Agriculture, Trade, Forestry and Water Management (MATFWM) and the Statistical Office, respectively. Published data were obtained by searching the Medline, Scopus, and Google databases using "echinococcosis," "hydatidosis," and "Serbia" as key words. In addition, the search included national journals and doctoral theses, as well as conference proceedings. Only Echinococcus granulosus has been reported in Serbia, with a total of 409 cases of human infection officially reported during the observed period as opposed to 820 cases described in clinical studies. No trend in the incidence of infection was shown among adults, but the number of cases in children continuously decreased over the period. Patients were more frequently female and from rural areas. Differences in the geographic distribution of cases were noted, with a lower incidence in the central part of country. Liver disease was by far the most common presentation, but cases of unusual cyst locations have been described. Among domestic animals, sheep were the most highly infected species. A decreasing incidence of echinococcosis in animals has been noted as of the 1970s. Echinococcosis continues to be endemic in Serbia in the 21st century, but despite predictions, neither official data nor those from clinical studies indicate its re-emergence. However, there is gross underreporting. Public health authorities should actively work to increase reporting, as only valid reported data provide an accurate basis for future control plans.",
publisher = "Mary Ann Liebert, Inc, New Rochelle",
journal = "Foodborne Pathogens & Disease",
title = "Echinococcosis in Serbia: An Issue for the 21st Century?",
pages = "973-967",
number = "11",
volume = "9",
doi = "10.1089/fpd.2012.1227"
}

Bobić, B., Nikolić, A., Katić-Radivojević, S., Klun, I.,& Đurković-Đaković, O.. (2012). Echinococcosis in Serbia: An Issue for the 21st Century?. in Foodborne Pathogens & Disease
Mary Ann Liebert, Inc, New Rochelle., 9(11), 967-973.
https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2012.1227

Bobić B, Nikolić A, Katić-Radivojević S, Klun I, Đurković-Đaković O. Echinococcosis in Serbia: An Issue for the 21st Century?. in Foodborne Pathogens & Disease. 2012;9(11):967-973.
doi:10.1089/fpd.2012.1227 .

Bobić, Branko, Nikolić, Aleksandra, Katić-Radivojević, Sofija, Klun, Ivana, Đurković-Đaković, Olgica, "Echinococcosis in Serbia: An Issue for the 21st Century?" in Foodborne Pathogens & Disease, 9, no. 11 (2012):967-973,
https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2012.1227 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Đurković-Đaković, Olgica
AU  - Đokić, Vitomir
AU  - Vujanić, Marija
AU  - Živković, Tijana
AU  - Bobić, Branko
AU  - Nikolić, Aleksandra
AU  - Slavić, Ksenija
AU  - Klun, Ivana
AU  - Ivović, Vladimir
PY  - 2012
UR  - http://rimi.imi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/418
AB  - A sensitive real-time PCR technique was used to examine the distribution of Toxoplasma gondii in the blood and tissues of mice during acute and chronic infection. Groups of Swiss Albino mice, inoculated i.p. with 10(2) or 10(6) tachyzoites of the RH strain as a typical type-1 strain, or fed 10 cysts of the Me49 strain as a typical type-2 strain, were killed at different time points post-infection (p.i.), and blood and organs including the lungs, brain and liver were harvested for DNA extraction. Toxoplasma DNA was quantified by a real-time PCR targeted at the 529 bp gene fragment, with a detection limit of a single parasite per g/ml of tissue. The results showed a strain- and dose-dependent spread of Toxoplasma. In infection with type-1 parasites, in case of a high infective dose, Toxoplasma DNA was detected within 24 h p.i. in all analyzed tissues including the brain. Conversely, in case of a low infective dose, parasitaemia was undetectable early p.i., at a time when Toxoplasma DNA was detected in the tissues, but reached very high levels as infection progressed. With both infective doses, pre-death parasite burdens were higher in the blood than in the tissues, whereas the same loads in the lungs suggest that reaching these Toxoplasma burdens may be critical for survival. In infection with Me49 parasites, steady high parasite burdens were noted up to the end of the experiment at d42 only in the brain, parasitaemia was low but detectable throughout, and Toxoplasma DNA was completely cleared only from the liver. These data are important to better understand the pathogenesis of toxoplasmosis, and also as baseline data for the experimental evaluation of novel chemotherapeutics.
PB  - Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, San Diego
T2  - Experimental Parasitology
T1  - Kinetics of parasite burdens in blood and tissues during murine toxoplasmosis
EP  - 376
IS  - 3
SP  - 372
VL  - 131
DO  - 10.1016/j.exppara.2012.05.006
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Đurković-Đaković, Olgica and Đokić, Vitomir and Vujanić, Marija and Živković, Tijana and Bobić, Branko and Nikolić, Aleksandra and Slavić, Ksenija and Klun, Ivana and Ivović, Vladimir",
year = "2012",
abstract = "A sensitive real-time PCR technique was used to examine the distribution of Toxoplasma gondii in the blood and tissues of mice during acute and chronic infection. Groups of Swiss Albino mice, inoculated i.p. with 10(2) or 10(6) tachyzoites of the RH strain as a typical type-1 strain, or fed 10 cysts of the Me49 strain as a typical type-2 strain, were killed at different time points post-infection (p.i.), and blood and organs including the lungs, brain and liver were harvested for DNA extraction. Toxoplasma DNA was quantified by a real-time PCR targeted at the 529 bp gene fragment, with a detection limit of a single parasite per g/ml of tissue. The results showed a strain- and dose-dependent spread of Toxoplasma. In infection with type-1 parasites, in case of a high infective dose, Toxoplasma DNA was detected within 24 h p.i. in all analyzed tissues including the brain. Conversely, in case of a low infective dose, parasitaemia was undetectable early p.i., at a time when Toxoplasma DNA was detected in the tissues, but reached very high levels as infection progressed. With both infective doses, pre-death parasite burdens were higher in the blood than in the tissues, whereas the same loads in the lungs suggest that reaching these Toxoplasma burdens may be critical for survival. In infection with Me49 parasites, steady high parasite burdens were noted up to the end of the experiment at d42 only in the brain, parasitaemia was low but detectable throughout, and Toxoplasma DNA was completely cleared only from the liver. These data are important to better understand the pathogenesis of toxoplasmosis, and also as baseline data for the experimental evaluation of novel chemotherapeutics.",
publisher = "Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, San Diego",
journal = "Experimental Parasitology",
title = "Kinetics of parasite burdens in blood and tissues during murine toxoplasmosis",
pages = "376-372",
number = "3",
volume = "131",
doi = "10.1016/j.exppara.2012.05.006"
}

Đurković-Đaković, O., Đokić, V., Vujanić, M., Živković, T., Bobić, B., Nikolić, A., Slavić, K., Klun, I.,& Ivović, V.. (2012). Kinetics of parasite burdens in blood and tissues during murine toxoplasmosis. in Experimental Parasitology
Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, San Diego., 131(3), 372-376.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2012.05.006

Đurković-Đaković O, Đokić V, Vujanić M, Živković T, Bobić B, Nikolić A, Slavić K, Klun I, Ivović V. Kinetics of parasite burdens in blood and tissues during murine toxoplasmosis. in Experimental Parasitology. 2012;131(3):372-376.
doi:10.1016/j.exppara.2012.05.006 .

Đurković-Đaković, Olgica, Đokić, Vitomir, Vujanić, Marija, Živković, Tijana, Bobić, Branko, Nikolić, Aleksandra, Slavić, Ksenija, Klun, Ivana, Ivović, Vladimir, "Kinetics of parasite burdens in blood and tissues during murine toxoplasmosis" in Experimental Parasitology, 131, no. 3 (2012):372-376,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exppara.2012.05.006 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Živković, Tijana
AU  - Ivović, Vladimir
AU  - Vujanić, Marija
AU  - Klun, Ivana
AU  - Bobić, Branko
AU  - Nikolić, Aleksandra
AU  - Đurković-Đaković, Olgica
PY  - 2011
UR  - http://rimi.imi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/387
AB  - Objective: Toxoplasma gondii infection acquired during pregnancy may lead to transplacental transmission and jeopardize the course and outcome of pregnancy, leading to life-threatening disease in the fetus and the newborn. Case Report: Here we present a case of medically terminated pregnancy due to clinically manifested congenital toxoplasmosis (CT) which was proven serologically, as well as by bioassay. Ultrasonographically visualized severe fetal ventriculomegaly in a seven-month pregnant 33-year-old woman with a history of three months of lymphadenopathy was an indication for extensive testing for toxoplasmosis. Based on the serological results obtained (high specific IgG antibodies of borderline but close-to-low avidity, along with the finding of specific IgM antibodies), maternal infection was dated to the second trimester. Cord blood serology revealed IgG levels lower than those of the mother's, but both specific IgM and IgA antibodies were detected, indicating fetal infection. Although Toxoplasma DNA was not detected in the cord blood sample by real-time PCR, fetal infection was definitely confirmed after six weeks by cord blood bioassay results. While no morphologically recognizable Toxoplasma cysts were found, murine serology was positive. Since fetal morphological abnormalities, which could not be reversed by subsequent treatment, were already advanced at the time of serological testing, the patient opted for termination of pregnancy. Conclusion: This case demonstrates the potentially severe outcome of CT as a result of central nervous system affection, emphasizing the need for prompt and precise prenatal diagnosis in case of maternal seroconversion, so that proper treatment may be introduced in a timely manner.
PB  - Springer Wien, Wien
T2  - Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift
T1  - Adverse fetal outcome in the absence of timely prenatal diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis
EP  - 46
SP  - 43
VL  - 123
DO  - 10.1007/s00508-011-0069-x
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Živković, Tijana and Ivović, Vladimir and Vujanić, Marija and Klun, Ivana and Bobić, Branko and Nikolić, Aleksandra and Đurković-Đaković, Olgica",
year = "2011",
abstract = "Objective: Toxoplasma gondii infection acquired during pregnancy may lead to transplacental transmission and jeopardize the course and outcome of pregnancy, leading to life-threatening disease in the fetus and the newborn. Case Report: Here we present a case of medically terminated pregnancy due to clinically manifested congenital toxoplasmosis (CT) which was proven serologically, as well as by bioassay. Ultrasonographically visualized severe fetal ventriculomegaly in a seven-month pregnant 33-year-old woman with a history of three months of lymphadenopathy was an indication for extensive testing for toxoplasmosis. Based on the serological results obtained (high specific IgG antibodies of borderline but close-to-low avidity, along with the finding of specific IgM antibodies), maternal infection was dated to the second trimester. Cord blood serology revealed IgG levels lower than those of the mother's, but both specific IgM and IgA antibodies were detected, indicating fetal infection. Although Toxoplasma DNA was not detected in the cord blood sample by real-time PCR, fetal infection was definitely confirmed after six weeks by cord blood bioassay results. While no morphologically recognizable Toxoplasma cysts were found, murine serology was positive. Since fetal morphological abnormalities, which could not be reversed by subsequent treatment, were already advanced at the time of serological testing, the patient opted for termination of pregnancy. Conclusion: This case demonstrates the potentially severe outcome of CT as a result of central nervous system affection, emphasizing the need for prompt and precise prenatal diagnosis in case of maternal seroconversion, so that proper treatment may be introduced in a timely manner.",
publisher = "Springer Wien, Wien",
journal = "Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift",
title = "Adverse fetal outcome in the absence of timely prenatal diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis",
pages = "46-43",
volume = "123",
doi = "10.1007/s00508-011-0069-x"
}

Živković, T., Ivović, V., Vujanić, M., Klun, I., Bobić, B., Nikolić, A.,& Đurković-Đaković, O.. (2011). Adverse fetal outcome in the absence of timely prenatal diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis. in Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift
Springer Wien, Wien., 123, 43-46.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-011-0069-x

Živković T, Ivović V, Vujanić M, Klun I, Bobić B, Nikolić A, Đurković-Đaković O. Adverse fetal outcome in the absence of timely prenatal diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis. in Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift. 2011;123:43-46.
doi:10.1007/s00508-011-0069-x .

Živković, Tijana, Ivović, Vladimir, Vujanić, Marija, Klun, Ivana, Bobić, Branko, Nikolić, Aleksandra, Đurković-Đaković, Olgica, "Adverse fetal outcome in the absence of timely prenatal diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis" in Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift, 123 (2011):43-46,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-011-0069-x . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nikolić, Aleksandra
AU  - Klun, Ivana
AU  - Bobić, Branko
AU  - Ivović, V
AU  - Vujanić, Marija
AU  - Živković, Tijana
AU  - Đurković-Đaković, Olgica
PY  - 2011
UR  - http://rimi.imi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/338
AB  - Despite the public health importance of giardiasis in all of Europe, reliable data on the incidence and prevalence in Western Balkan Countries (Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro and FYR Macedonia) are scarce, and the relative contribution of waterborne and food-borne, or person-to-person and/or animal-to-person, transmission of human giardiasis is not yet clear. To provide baseline data for the estimation of the public health risk caused by Giardia, we here review the information available on the epidemiological characteristics of asymptomatic and symptomatic human infection in Serbia. Although asymptomatic cases of Giardia represent a major proportion of the total cases of infection, high rates of Giardia infection were found in both asymptomatic and symptomatic populations. No waterborne outbreaks of giardiasis have been reported, and it thus seems that giardiasis mostly occurs sporadically in our milieu. Under such circumstances, control measures to reduce the high prevalence of giardiasis in Serbia have focused on person-to-person transmission, encouraging proper hygiene, but for more targeted intervention measures, studies to identify other risk factors for asymptomatic and symptomatic infections are needed.
PB  - EDP Sciences S A, Les Ulis Cedex A
T2  - Parasite
T1  - Human giardiasis in Serbia: asymptomatic vs symptomatic infection
EP  - 201
IS  - 2
SP  - 197
VL  - 18
DO  - 10.1051/parasite/2011182197
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Nikolić, Aleksandra and Klun, Ivana and Bobić, Branko and Ivović, V and Vujanić, Marija and Živković, Tijana and Đurković-Đaković, Olgica",
year = "2011",
abstract = "Despite the public health importance of giardiasis in all of Europe, reliable data on the incidence and prevalence in Western Balkan Countries (Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro and FYR Macedonia) are scarce, and the relative contribution of waterborne and food-borne, or person-to-person and/or animal-to-person, transmission of human giardiasis is not yet clear. To provide baseline data for the estimation of the public health risk caused by Giardia, we here review the information available on the epidemiological characteristics of asymptomatic and symptomatic human infection in Serbia. Although asymptomatic cases of Giardia represent a major proportion of the total cases of infection, high rates of Giardia infection were found in both asymptomatic and symptomatic populations. No waterborne outbreaks of giardiasis have been reported, and it thus seems that giardiasis mostly occurs sporadically in our milieu. Under such circumstances, control measures to reduce the high prevalence of giardiasis in Serbia have focused on person-to-person transmission, encouraging proper hygiene, but for more targeted intervention measures, studies to identify other risk factors for asymptomatic and symptomatic infections are needed.",
publisher = "EDP Sciences S A, Les Ulis Cedex A",
journal = "Parasite",
title = "Human giardiasis in Serbia: asymptomatic vs symptomatic infection",
pages = "201-197",
number = "2",
volume = "18",
doi = "10.1051/parasite/2011182197"
}

Nikolić, A., Klun, I., Bobić, B., Ivović, V., Vujanić, M., Živković, T.,& Đurković-Đaković, O.. (2011). Human giardiasis in Serbia: asymptomatic vs symptomatic infection. in Parasite
EDP Sciences S A, Les Ulis Cedex A., 18(2), 197-201.
https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2011182197

Nikolić A, Klun I, Bobić B, Ivović V, Vujanić M, Živković T, Đurković-Đaković O. Human giardiasis in Serbia: asymptomatic vs symptomatic infection. in Parasite. 2011;18(2):197-201.
doi:10.1051/parasite/2011182197 .

Nikolić, Aleksandra, Klun, Ivana, Bobić, Branko, Ivović, V, Vujanić, Marija, Živković, Tijana, Đurković-Đaković, Olgica, "Human giardiasis in Serbia: asymptomatic vs symptomatic infection" in Parasite, 18, no. 2 (2011):197-201,
https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2011182197 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Klun, Ivana
AU  - Vujanić, Marija
AU  - Yera, Helene
AU  - Nikolić, Aleksandra
AU  - Ivović, Vladimir
AU  - Bobić, Branko
AU  - Bradonjić, Siniša
AU  - Dupouy-Camet, Jean
AU  - Đurković-Đaković, Olgica
PY  - 2011
UR  - http://rimi.imi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/340
AB  - A seroepizootiological study of Toxoplasma gondii infection involving a total of 488 slaughter pigs (468 market-weight pigs and 20 sows) in the Belgrade area, also included examination of the presence of T. gondii in the blood. Blood sampled at the slaughter line was examined for specific antibodies by modified direct agglutination, and blood clots of those seropositive at titres of 1: 50-1: 12800 were bioassayed in mice. The overall seroprevalence was 9.2%, significantly higher (p = 0.0063) in sows (30.0%) than in market-weight pigs (8.3%). Amongst the 22 bioassays performed, a total of 16 (72.7%) were positive, by observation of T. gondii cysts (12), seropositivity (7, including 3 in which cysts were not detected), and/or detection of T. gondii DNA by real-time PCR (12, including one otherwise negative). The positive bioassays originated from the blood of 12 market-weight pigs and 4 sows. Despite a general increase in the rate of demonstration of T. gondii with the increase in the specific antibody level, the association was not significant (p = 0.101). The risk of infection was 41-fold increased in sows vs market-weight pigs, and 15-fold in pigs from smallholders' finishing type farms vs those from large farrow-to-finish farms. The presence of viable T. gondii in a proportion of the samples indicates that some of the pigs had an active parasitaemia at the time of slaughter, which, along with the seroprevalence established, points to a potential source of human infection in Serbia. This is the first report on parasitaemia in naturally infected swine.
PB  - Biomed Central Ltd, London
T2  - Veterinary Research
T1  - Toxoplasma gondii infection in slaughter pigs in Serbia: seroprevalence and demonstration of parasites in blood
VL  - 42
DO  - 10.1186/1297-9716-42-17
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Klun, Ivana and Vujanić, Marija and Yera, Helene and Nikolić, Aleksandra and Ivović, Vladimir and Bobić, Branko and Bradonjić, Siniša and Dupouy-Camet, Jean and Đurković-Đaković, Olgica",
year = "2011",
abstract = "A seroepizootiological study of Toxoplasma gondii infection involving a total of 488 slaughter pigs (468 market-weight pigs and 20 sows) in the Belgrade area, also included examination of the presence of T. gondii in the blood. Blood sampled at the slaughter line was examined for specific antibodies by modified direct agglutination, and blood clots of those seropositive at titres of 1: 50-1: 12800 were bioassayed in mice. The overall seroprevalence was 9.2%, significantly higher (p = 0.0063) in sows (30.0%) than in market-weight pigs (8.3%). Amongst the 22 bioassays performed, a total of 16 (72.7%) were positive, by observation of T. gondii cysts (12), seropositivity (7, including 3 in which cysts were not detected), and/or detection of T. gondii DNA by real-time PCR (12, including one otherwise negative). The positive bioassays originated from the blood of 12 market-weight pigs and 4 sows. Despite a general increase in the rate of demonstration of T. gondii with the increase in the specific antibody level, the association was not significant (p = 0.101). The risk of infection was 41-fold increased in sows vs market-weight pigs, and 15-fold in pigs from smallholders' finishing type farms vs those from large farrow-to-finish farms. The presence of viable T. gondii in a proportion of the samples indicates that some of the pigs had an active parasitaemia at the time of slaughter, which, along with the seroprevalence established, points to a potential source of human infection in Serbia. This is the first report on parasitaemia in naturally infected swine.",
publisher = "Biomed Central Ltd, London",
journal = "Veterinary Research",
title = "Toxoplasma gondii infection in slaughter pigs in Serbia: seroprevalence and demonstration of parasites in blood",
volume = "42",
doi = "10.1186/1297-9716-42-17"
}

Klun, I., Vujanić, M., Yera, H., Nikolić, A., Ivović, V., Bobić, B., Bradonjić, S., Dupouy-Camet, J.,& Đurković-Đaković, O.. (2011). Toxoplasma gondii infection in slaughter pigs in Serbia: seroprevalence and demonstration of parasites in blood. in Veterinary Research
Biomed Central Ltd, London., 42.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1297-9716-42-17

Klun I, Vujanić M, Yera H, Nikolić A, Ivović V, Bobić B, Bradonjić S, Dupouy-Camet J, Đurković-Đaković O. Toxoplasma gondii infection in slaughter pigs in Serbia: seroprevalence and demonstration of parasites in blood. in Veterinary Research. 2011;42.
doi:10.1186/1297-9716-42-17 .

Klun, Ivana, Vujanić, Marija, Yera, Helene, Nikolić, Aleksandra, Ivović, Vladimir, Bobić, Branko, Bradonjić, Siniša, Dupouy-Camet, Jean, Đurković-Đaković, Olgica, "Toxoplasma gondii infection in slaughter pigs in Serbia: seroprevalence and demonstration of parasites in blood" in Veterinary Research, 42 (2011),
https://doi.org/10.1186/1297-9716-42-17 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bobić, Branko
AU  - Nikolić, Aleksandra
AU  - Klun, Ivana
AU  - Đurković-Đaković, Olgica
PY  - 2011
UR  - http://rimi.imi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/372
AB  - Aim: The kinetics of Toxoplasma infection in the Balkans were reviewed. Source of data: Published reports on Toxoplasma infection in women of childbearing age in the last 30 years for all Balkan countries. Results: The dominant feature of Toxoplasma infection in the Balkans is a continuous decrease in the prevalence over time. Systematic monitoring of Toxoplasma infection prevalence in populations of women of childbearing age in Slovenia, Serbia and Greece over the last 30 years has shown a continuous significant decrease in all three countries. Moreover, a decrease has also been shown in Montenegro and Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia where Toxoplasma infection has been surveyed only during the past decade. Another region-wide feature is that the prevalence of infection currently does not surpass 50%. Further-more, a decrease in Toxoplasma prevalence from the north to the south has been shown in the eastern part of the Balkan Peninsula, from southern Hungary (as a region neighbouring the Balkans at the north), over Serbia and FYRoM to northern Greece. Seasonality of infection, with significantly more cases of acute infection in the winter than in the summer, was observed in Slovenia in the west and Serbia in the east. Despite a common decreasing trend, different infection transmission risk factors seem predominant across the region; while contact with cats was discussed as important in Slovenia, consumption of undercooked meat was shown to be the leading risk factor in Serbia and Albania, and contact with soil in FYRoM and in northern Greece. Conclusion: A decreasing trend of Toxoplasma prevalence over time in the Balkans is part of a changing pattern of Toxoplasma infection throughout Europe. Strategies for the prevention of congenital toxoplasmosis should take the infection dynamics into account.
PB  - Springer Wien, Wien
T2  - Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift
T1  - Kinetics of Toxoplasma infection in the Balkans
EP  - 6
SP  - 2
VL  - 123
DO  - 10.1007/s00508-011-0052-6
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Bobić, Branko and Nikolić, Aleksandra and Klun, Ivana and Đurković-Đaković, Olgica",
year = "2011",
abstract = "Aim: The kinetics of Toxoplasma infection in the Balkans were reviewed. Source of data: Published reports on Toxoplasma infection in women of childbearing age in the last 30 years for all Balkan countries. Results: The dominant feature of Toxoplasma infection in the Balkans is a continuous decrease in the prevalence over time. Systematic monitoring of Toxoplasma infection prevalence in populations of women of childbearing age in Slovenia, Serbia and Greece over the last 30 years has shown a continuous significant decrease in all three countries. Moreover, a decrease has also been shown in Montenegro and Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia where Toxoplasma infection has been surveyed only during the past decade. Another region-wide feature is that the prevalence of infection currently does not surpass 50%. Further-more, a decrease in Toxoplasma prevalence from the north to the south has been shown in the eastern part of the Balkan Peninsula, from southern Hungary (as a region neighbouring the Balkans at the north), over Serbia and FYRoM to northern Greece. Seasonality of infection, with significantly more cases of acute infection in the winter than in the summer, was observed in Slovenia in the west and Serbia in the east. Despite a common decreasing trend, different infection transmission risk factors seem predominant across the region; while contact with cats was discussed as important in Slovenia, consumption of undercooked meat was shown to be the leading risk factor in Serbia and Albania, and contact with soil in FYRoM and in northern Greece. Conclusion: A decreasing trend of Toxoplasma prevalence over time in the Balkans is part of a changing pattern of Toxoplasma infection throughout Europe. Strategies for the prevention of congenital toxoplasmosis should take the infection dynamics into account.",
publisher = "Springer Wien, Wien",
journal = "Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift",
title = "Kinetics of Toxoplasma infection in the Balkans",
pages = "6-2",
volume = "123",
doi = "10.1007/s00508-011-0052-6"
}

Bobić, B., Nikolić, A., Klun, I.,& Đurković-Đaković, O.. (2011). Kinetics of Toxoplasma infection in the Balkans. in Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift
Springer Wien, Wien., 123, 2-6.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-011-0052-6

Bobić B, Nikolić A, Klun I, Đurković-Đaković O. Kinetics of Toxoplasma infection in the Balkans. in Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift. 2011;123:2-6.
doi:10.1007/s00508-011-0052-6 .

Bobić, Branko, Nikolić, Aleksandra, Klun, Ivana, Đurković-Đaković, Olgica, "Kinetics of Toxoplasma infection in the Balkans" in Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift, 123 (2011):2-6,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-011-0052-6 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vujanić, Marija
AU  - Ivović, Vladimir
AU  - Kataranovski, Milena
AU  - Nikolić, Aleksandra
AU  - Bobić, Branko
AU  - Klun, Ivana
AU  - Villena, Isabelle
AU  - Kataranovski, Dragan
AU  - Đurković-Đaković, Olgica
PY  - 2011
UR  - http://rimi.imi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/325
AB  - To assess the role of synanthropic rodents in the epidemiology of urban toxoplasmosis, Toxoplasma gondii infection was examined in 144 rats (Rattus norvegicus) and 12 mice (Mus musculus) captured using live animal traps in three locations in Belgrade city characterized by poor housing and degraded environment. In rats, specific IgG antibodies were detected by modified agglutination test in 22 (27.5%) of the 80 blood samples available. Toxoplasma brain cysts were microscopically detected in 11 (7.6%), and Toxoplasma DNA by real-time polymerase chain reaction was demonstrated in 15 (10.4%) animals. Of these, both cysts and Toxoplasma DNA were detected in five (3.5%) rats. In mice, cysts were observed in 3 (25%), but Toxoplasma DNA was detected in even 10 (83.3%) animals, including all 3 with morphologically recognized cysts. Being a link in the chain of Toxoplasma infection, the existence of urban rodent reservoirs of infection represents a public health risk.
PB  - Mary Ann Liebert, Inc, New Rochelle
T2  - Vector-Borne & Zoonotic Diseases
T1  - Toxoplasmosis in Naturally Infected Rodents in Belgrade, Serbia
EP  - 1211
IS  - 8
SP  - 1209
VL  - 11
DO  - 10.1089/vbz.2010.0119
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Vujanić, Marija and Ivović, Vladimir and Kataranovski, Milena and Nikolić, Aleksandra and Bobić, Branko and Klun, Ivana and Villena, Isabelle and Kataranovski, Dragan and Đurković-Đaković, Olgica",
year = "2011",
abstract = "To assess the role of synanthropic rodents in the epidemiology of urban toxoplasmosis, Toxoplasma gondii infection was examined in 144 rats (Rattus norvegicus) and 12 mice (Mus musculus) captured using live animal traps in three locations in Belgrade city characterized by poor housing and degraded environment. In rats, specific IgG antibodies were detected by modified agglutination test in 22 (27.5%) of the 80 blood samples available. Toxoplasma brain cysts were microscopically detected in 11 (7.6%), and Toxoplasma DNA by real-time polymerase chain reaction was demonstrated in 15 (10.4%) animals. Of these, both cysts and Toxoplasma DNA were detected in five (3.5%) rats. In mice, cysts were observed in 3 (25%), but Toxoplasma DNA was detected in even 10 (83.3%) animals, including all 3 with morphologically recognized cysts. Being a link in the chain of Toxoplasma infection, the existence of urban rodent reservoirs of infection represents a public health risk.",
publisher = "Mary Ann Liebert, Inc, New Rochelle",
journal = "Vector-Borne & Zoonotic Diseases",
title = "Toxoplasmosis in Naturally Infected Rodents in Belgrade, Serbia",
pages = "1211-1209",
number = "8",
volume = "11",
doi = "10.1089/vbz.2010.0119"
}

Vujanić, M., Ivović, V., Kataranovski, M., Nikolić, A., Bobić, B., Klun, I., Villena, I., Kataranovski, D.,& Đurković-Đaković, O.. (2011). Toxoplasmosis in Naturally Infected Rodents in Belgrade, Serbia. in Vector-Borne & Zoonotic Diseases
Mary Ann Liebert, Inc, New Rochelle., 11(8), 1209-1211.
https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2010.0119

Vujanić M, Ivović V, Kataranovski M, Nikolić A, Bobić B, Klun I, Villena I, Kataranovski D, Đurković-Đaković O. Toxoplasmosis in Naturally Infected Rodents in Belgrade, Serbia. in Vector-Borne & Zoonotic Diseases. 2011;11(8):1209-1211.
doi:10.1089/vbz.2010.0119 .

Vujanić, Marija, Ivović, Vladimir, Kataranovski, Milena, Nikolić, Aleksandra, Bobić, Branko, Klun, Ivana, Villena, Isabelle, Kataranovski, Dragan, Đurković-Đaković, Olgica, "Toxoplasmosis in Naturally Infected Rodents in Belgrade, Serbia" in Vector-Borne & Zoonotic Diseases, 11, no. 8 (2011):1209-1211,
https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2010.0119 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dakić, Zorica
AU  - Pelemis, Mijomir
AU  - Đurković-Đaković, Olgica
AU  - Lavadinović, Lidija
AU  - Nikolić, Aleksandra
AU  - Stevanović, Goran
AU  - Poluga, Jasmina
AU  - Ofori-Belić, Irena
AU  - Milošević, Branko
AU  - Pavlović, Milorad
PY  - 2011
UR  - http://rimi.imi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/385
AB  - Since 2000, travel of Serbian citizens to tropical areas has been slowly but steadily increasing. To determine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of imported malaria in Serbia, we analyzed clinical history data of all travelers who presented at the Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases in Belgrade after their return from tropical and subtropical areas between 2001 and 2009. The study series involved a total of 2981 travelers, and included both those with (847) and without (2134) health problems. Malaria was diagnosed in 102 cases (3.4% of all travelers; 12.0% of travelers with febrile episodes). Occurring at a rate of 6 to 16 cases per year, it was predominantly imported from Africa (92.2%), particularly from Equatorial Guinea (38.2%) and Nigeria (15.7%). The most frequent reason for travel was work/business. Patients were predominantly (87.3%) male, and the majority (66.7%) was between 40 and 59 years of age. A total of 15 (14.7%) patients took some form of anti-malarial chemoprophylaxis. The dominant causative species was Plasmodium falciparum (78), alone (70) or in mixed infection with P. vivax (5) and P. malariae (3). P. vivax, P. ovale and P. malariae as single agents were each identified in 11, 1 and 1 cases, respectively. Of the 11 cases in which the parasite was not detected, six appeared to be true submicroscopic cases. The clinical course of the disease was severe in 13 patients, all with falciparum malaria, of which three (2.9%) died. Rather than for all travelers, in Serbia screening for malaria should be mandatory in all travelers to endemic regions who present with fever irrespective of chemoprophylaxis history. Inadequate sensitivity of conventional diagnostic methods, illustrated by the cases of submicro-scopic malaria, requires introduction of molecular diagnosis in routine practice.
PB  - Springer Wien, Wien
T2  - Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift
T1  - Imported malaria in Belgrade, Serbia, between 2001 and 2009
EP  - 19
SP  - 15
VL  - 123
DO  - 10.1007/s00508-011-0040-x
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Dakić, Zorica and Pelemis, Mijomir and Đurković-Đaković, Olgica and Lavadinović, Lidija and Nikolić, Aleksandra and Stevanović, Goran and Poluga, Jasmina and Ofori-Belić, Irena and Milošević, Branko and Pavlović, Milorad",
year = "2011",
abstract = "Since 2000, travel of Serbian citizens to tropical areas has been slowly but steadily increasing. To determine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of imported malaria in Serbia, we analyzed clinical history data of all travelers who presented at the Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases in Belgrade after their return from tropical and subtropical areas between 2001 and 2009. The study series involved a total of 2981 travelers, and included both those with (847) and without (2134) health problems. Malaria was diagnosed in 102 cases (3.4% of all travelers; 12.0% of travelers with febrile episodes). Occurring at a rate of 6 to 16 cases per year, it was predominantly imported from Africa (92.2%), particularly from Equatorial Guinea (38.2%) and Nigeria (15.7%). The most frequent reason for travel was work/business. Patients were predominantly (87.3%) male, and the majority (66.7%) was between 40 and 59 years of age. A total of 15 (14.7%) patients took some form of anti-malarial chemoprophylaxis. The dominant causative species was Plasmodium falciparum (78), alone (70) or in mixed infection with P. vivax (5) and P. malariae (3). P. vivax, P. ovale and P. malariae as single agents were each identified in 11, 1 and 1 cases, respectively. Of the 11 cases in which the parasite was not detected, six appeared to be true submicroscopic cases. The clinical course of the disease was severe in 13 patients, all with falciparum malaria, of which three (2.9%) died. Rather than for all travelers, in Serbia screening for malaria should be mandatory in all travelers to endemic regions who present with fever irrespective of chemoprophylaxis history. Inadequate sensitivity of conventional diagnostic methods, illustrated by the cases of submicro-scopic malaria, requires introduction of molecular diagnosis in routine practice.",
publisher = "Springer Wien, Wien",
journal = "Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift",
title = "Imported malaria in Belgrade, Serbia, between 2001 and 2009",
pages = "19-15",
volume = "123",
doi = "10.1007/s00508-011-0040-x"
}

Dakić, Z., Pelemis, M., Đurković-Đaković, O., Lavadinović, L., Nikolić, A., Stevanović, G., Poluga, J., Ofori-Belić, I., Milošević, B.,& Pavlović, M.. (2011). Imported malaria in Belgrade, Serbia, between 2001 and 2009. in Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift
Springer Wien, Wien., 123, 15-19.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-011-0040-x

Dakić Z, Pelemis M, Đurković-Đaković O, Lavadinović L, Nikolić A, Stevanović G, Poluga J, Ofori-Belić I, Milošević B, Pavlović M. Imported malaria in Belgrade, Serbia, between 2001 and 2009. in Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift. 2011;123:15-19.
doi:10.1007/s00508-011-0040-x .

Dakić, Zorica, Pelemis, Mijomir, Đurković-Đaković, Olgica, Lavadinović, Lidija, Nikolić, Aleksandra, Stevanović, Goran, Poluga, Jasmina, Ofori-Belić, Irena, Milošević, Branko, Pavlović, Milorad, "Imported malaria in Belgrade, Serbia, between 2001 and 2009" in Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift, 123 (2011):15-19,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-011-0040-x . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ivović, V.
AU  - Chaniotis, V.
AU  - Vujanić, Marija
AU  - Bobić, Branko
AU  - Nikolić, Aleksandra
AU  - Klun, Ivana
AU  - Živković, Tijana
AU  - Đurković-Đaković, Olgica
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://rimi.imi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/289
AB  - Laboratory investigations of the biology of the sand fly, Phlebotomus neglectus, including bionomic factors collected on the life history, behavior and feeding preferences of this species and the characteristics of its developmental biology are presented. In addition, we quantified the parameters of the population dynamics and life history of this species under laboratory conditions which are crucial for a better understanding of its role as a vector of Leishmania parasites in the eastern Mediterranean area.
AB  - U radu su prikazani rezultati istraživanja osnovnih karakteristika životnog ciklusa i ponašanja vrste flebotomina Phlebotomus neglectus u laboratorijskim uslovima. Takođe, numerički su prikazani osnovni parametri dinamike populacije i pomoću tablica života određeni su ključni faktori životnog ciklusa u cilju boljeg razumevanja ove vrste flebotomina kao najvažnijeg prenosioca parazita Leishmania infantum u istočnom Mediteranu.
PB  - Srpsko biološko društvo, Beograd, i dr.
T2  - Archives of Biological Sciences
T1  - Life tables and reproductive parameters of Phlebotomus neglectus tonnoir, 1921 (Diptera, Psychodidae) under laboratory conditions
T1  - Životni ciklus i osnovni parametri reprodukcije vrste Phlebotomus neglectus tonnoir, 1921 (Diptera, Psychodidae) u laboratorijskim uslovima
EP  - 157
IS  - 1
SP  - 153
VL  - 62
DO  - 10.2298/ABS1001153I
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Ivović, V. and Chaniotis, V. and Vujanić, Marija and Bobić, Branko and Nikolić, Aleksandra and Klun, Ivana and Živković, Tijana and Đurković-Đaković, Olgica",
year = "2010",
abstract = "Laboratory investigations of the biology of the sand fly, Phlebotomus neglectus, including bionomic factors collected on the life history, behavior and feeding preferences of this species and the characteristics of its developmental biology are presented. In addition, we quantified the parameters of the population dynamics and life history of this species under laboratory conditions which are crucial for a better understanding of its role as a vector of Leishmania parasites in the eastern Mediterranean area., U radu su prikazani rezultati istraživanja osnovnih karakteristika životnog ciklusa i ponašanja vrste flebotomina Phlebotomus neglectus u laboratorijskim uslovima. Takođe, numerički su prikazani osnovni parametri dinamike populacije i pomoću tablica života određeni su ključni faktori životnog ciklusa u cilju boljeg razumevanja ove vrste flebotomina kao najvažnijeg prenosioca parazita Leishmania infantum u istočnom Mediteranu.",
publisher = "Srpsko biološko društvo, Beograd, i dr.",
journal = "Archives of Biological Sciences",
title = "Life tables and reproductive parameters of Phlebotomus neglectus tonnoir, 1921 (Diptera, Psychodidae) under laboratory conditions, Životni ciklus i osnovni parametri reprodukcije vrste Phlebotomus neglectus tonnoir, 1921 (Diptera, Psychodidae) u laboratorijskim uslovima",
pages = "157-153",
number = "1",
volume = "62",
doi = "10.2298/ABS1001153I"
}

Ivović, V., Chaniotis, V., Vujanić, M., Bobić, B., Nikolić, A., Klun, I., Živković, T.,& Đurković-Đaković, O.. (2010). Life tables and reproductive parameters of Phlebotomus neglectus tonnoir, 1921 (Diptera, Psychodidae) under laboratory conditions. in Archives of Biological Sciences
Srpsko biološko društvo, Beograd, i dr.., 62(1), 153-157.
https://doi.org/10.2298/ABS1001153I

Ivović V, Chaniotis V, Vujanić M, Bobić B, Nikolić A, Klun I, Živković T, Đurković-Đaković O. Life tables and reproductive parameters of Phlebotomus neglectus tonnoir, 1921 (Diptera, Psychodidae) under laboratory conditions. in Archives of Biological Sciences. 2010;62(1):153-157.
doi:10.2298/ABS1001153I .

Ivović, V., Chaniotis, V., Vujanić, Marija, Bobić, Branko, Nikolić, Aleksandra, Klun, Ivana, Živković, Tijana, Đurković-Đaković, Olgica, "Life tables and reproductive parameters of Phlebotomus neglectus tonnoir, 1921 (Diptera, Psychodidae) under laboratory conditions" in Archives of Biological Sciences, 62, no. 1 (2010):153-157,
https://doi.org/10.2298/ABS1001153I . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bobić, Branko
AU  - Klun, Ivana
AU  - Nikolić, Aleksandra
AU  - Vujanić, Marija
AU  - Živković, Tijana
AU  - Ivović, Vladimir
AU  - Đurković-Đaković, Olgica
PY  - 2010
UR  - http://rimi.imi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/297
AB  - Background: Seasonal variations in the occurrence of toxoplasmosis have been studied only sporadically. We thus examined the seasonal distribution of acute toxoplasmosis in Serbia during a 4-year period (2004-2008). Materials and methods: A total of 391 consecutive symptomatic (recent lymphadenopathy) and 715 asymptomatic (women tested for obstetric reasons) patients were tested for Toxoplasma immunoglobulin G (IgG) (including IgG avidity) and IgM antibodies. The distribution of patients with acute infection, and of all patients from both groups, was analyzed for seasonality. In addition, factors (including undercooked meat consumption, contact with cats and with soil) possibly contributing to seasonality were analyzed in patients with acute infection (cases) matched by age, sex, and time (month and year) of infection (symptomatic) or presentation (asymptomatic) with seronegative patients (controls). Results: Acute toxoplasmosis was serologically (IgG avidity low, IgM positive) diagnosed in 39 (10.0%) symptomatic and 38 (5.3%) asymptomatic patients. In both groups, monthly distribution of acute infections showed significant (p lt  0.0001) seasonality, which was related to the four seasons of the year (p lt  0.0001). Importantly, the observed seasonality was not related to the distribution of all examined patients in either group (p lt  0.001). In the symptomatic patients, acute infections occurred more often between October and March (p 0.0486). Although more asymptomatic acute infections were diagnosed between February and July (p 0.0037), low IgG avidity suggests that infection had occurred within the previous trimester (between November and April). Undercooked meat consumption was shown as a risk factor for symptomatic infection in the October-March period (odds ratio 7.67, 95% confidence interval 1.61-36.45). Conclusion: Seasonality patterns should be taken into account in the health education guidelines for the prevention of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women.
PB  - Mary Ann Liebert, Inc, New Rochelle
T2  - Vector-Borne & Zoonotic Diseases
T1  - Seasonal Variations in Human Toxoplasma Infection in Serbia
EP  - 469
IS  - 5
SP  - 465
VL  - 10
DO  - 10.1089/vbz.2009.0153
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Bobić, Branko and Klun, Ivana and Nikolić, Aleksandra and Vujanić, Marija and Živković, Tijana and Ivović, Vladimir and Đurković-Đaković, Olgica",
year = "2010",
abstract = "Background: Seasonal variations in the occurrence of toxoplasmosis have been studied only sporadically. We thus examined the seasonal distribution of acute toxoplasmosis in Serbia during a 4-year period (2004-2008). Materials and methods: A total of 391 consecutive symptomatic (recent lymphadenopathy) and 715 asymptomatic (women tested for obstetric reasons) patients were tested for Toxoplasma immunoglobulin G (IgG) (including IgG avidity) and IgM antibodies. The distribution of patients with acute infection, and of all patients from both groups, was analyzed for seasonality. In addition, factors (including undercooked meat consumption, contact with cats and with soil) possibly contributing to seasonality were analyzed in patients with acute infection (cases) matched by age, sex, and time (month and year) of infection (symptomatic) or presentation (asymptomatic) with seronegative patients (controls). Results: Acute toxoplasmosis was serologically (IgG avidity low, IgM positive) diagnosed in 39 (10.0%) symptomatic and 38 (5.3%) asymptomatic patients. In both groups, monthly distribution of acute infections showed significant (p lt  0.0001) seasonality, which was related to the four seasons of the year (p lt  0.0001). Importantly, the observed seasonality was not related to the distribution of all examined patients in either group (p lt  0.001). In the symptomatic patients, acute infections occurred more often between October and March (p 0.0486). Although more asymptomatic acute infections were diagnosed between February and July (p 0.0037), low IgG avidity suggests that infection had occurred within the previous trimester (between November and April). Undercooked meat consumption was shown as a risk factor for symptomatic infection in the October-March period (odds ratio 7.67, 95% confidence interval 1.61-36.45). Conclusion: Seasonality patterns should be taken into account in the health education guidelines for the prevention of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women.",
publisher = "Mary Ann Liebert, Inc, New Rochelle",
journal = "Vector-Borne & Zoonotic Diseases",
title = "Seasonal Variations in Human Toxoplasma Infection in Serbia",
pages = "469-465",
number = "5",
volume = "10",
doi = "10.1089/vbz.2009.0153"
}

Bobić, B., Klun, I., Nikolić, A., Vujanić, M., Živković, T., Ivović, V.,& Đurković-Đaković, O.. (2010). Seasonal Variations in Human Toxoplasma Infection in Serbia. in Vector-Borne & Zoonotic Diseases
Mary Ann Liebert, Inc, New Rochelle., 10(5), 465-469.
https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2009.0153

Bobić B, Klun I, Nikolić A, Vujanić M, Živković T, Ivović V, Đurković-Đaković O. Seasonal Variations in Human Toxoplasma Infection in Serbia. in Vector-Borne & Zoonotic Diseases. 2010;10(5):465-469.
doi:10.1089/vbz.2009.0153 .

Bobić, Branko, Klun, Ivana, Nikolić, Aleksandra, Vujanić, Marija, Živković, Tijana, Ivović, Vladimir, Đurković-Đaković, Olgica, "Seasonal Variations in Human Toxoplasma Infection in Serbia" in Vector-Borne & Zoonotic Diseases, 10, no. 5 (2010):465-469,
https://doi.org/10.1089/vbz.2009.0153 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bobić, Branko
AU  - Klun, Ivana
AU  - Vujanić, Marija
AU  - Nikolić, Aleksandra
AU  - Ivović, Vladimir
AU  - Živković, Tijana
AU  - Đurković-Đaković, Olgica
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://rimi.imi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/241
AB  - Determination of the avidity of specific IgG antibodies has become a generally accepted diagnostic aid for dating Toxoplasma infection. In this study, the Labsystems, VIDAS and EUROIMMUN Toxoplasma IgG avidity assays were compared on a series of 133 Toxoplasma IgG- and IgM-positive sera from symptomatic patients (n=28), from pregnant (n=43) and nonpregnant (n=26) women, and on 18 IgG-positive and IgM-negative sera from chronically infected patients. The results showed excellent concordance between the Labsystems and VIDAS tests in both the IgM-positive (r=0.82, kappa=0.771) and IgM-negative (kappa=0.609) sera, whilst the agreement of the EUROIMMUN assay with both the Labsystems and VIDAS tests in the IgM-positive sera was moderate (kappa=0.575 and kappa=0.525, respectively) and in the IgM-negative sera was poor (kappa=0.000). Analysis of the kinetics of the maturation of avidity in 13 patients in whom follow-up sera were available showed that, despite a general trend of maturation, in two patients the avidity did not become high during 6 and 11 months of follow-up. In view of the clinical setting, in the symptomatic patients, despite one case of complete discrepancy and five cases of partial discrepancy, the Labsystems and VIDAS tests were in almost perfect agreement (kappa=0.812), whilst the agreement in pregnant and non-pregnant women was substantial (kappa=0.754 and kappa=0.708, respectively). In conclusion, the Labsystems and VIDAS tests are equally reliable for the measurement of Toxoplasma IgG avidity; the choice of test should depend on the laboratory setup. The EUROIMMUN test may be an acceptable alternative in resource-limited settings, but should be used prudently.
PB  - Microbiology Soc, London
T2  - Journal of Medical Microbiology
T1  - Comparative evaluation of three commercial Toxoplasma-specific IgG antibody avidity tests and significance in different clinical settings
EP  - 364
IS  - 3
SP  - 358
VL  - 58
DO  - 10.1099/jmm.0.006668-0
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Bobić, Branko and Klun, Ivana and Vujanić, Marija and Nikolić, Aleksandra and Ivović, Vladimir and Živković, Tijana and Đurković-Đaković, Olgica",
year = "2009",
abstract = "Determination of the avidity of specific IgG antibodies has become a generally accepted diagnostic aid for dating Toxoplasma infection. In this study, the Labsystems, VIDAS and EUROIMMUN Toxoplasma IgG avidity assays were compared on a series of 133 Toxoplasma IgG- and IgM-positive sera from symptomatic patients (n=28), from pregnant (n=43) and nonpregnant (n=26) women, and on 18 IgG-positive and IgM-negative sera from chronically infected patients. The results showed excellent concordance between the Labsystems and VIDAS tests in both the IgM-positive (r=0.82, kappa=0.771) and IgM-negative (kappa=0.609) sera, whilst the agreement of the EUROIMMUN assay with both the Labsystems and VIDAS tests in the IgM-positive sera was moderate (kappa=0.575 and kappa=0.525, respectively) and in the IgM-negative sera was poor (kappa=0.000). Analysis of the kinetics of the maturation of avidity in 13 patients in whom follow-up sera were available showed that, despite a general trend of maturation, in two patients the avidity did not become high during 6 and 11 months of follow-up. In view of the clinical setting, in the symptomatic patients, despite one case of complete discrepancy and five cases of partial discrepancy, the Labsystems and VIDAS tests were in almost perfect agreement (kappa=0.812), whilst the agreement in pregnant and non-pregnant women was substantial (kappa=0.754 and kappa=0.708, respectively). In conclusion, the Labsystems and VIDAS tests are equally reliable for the measurement of Toxoplasma IgG avidity; the choice of test should depend on the laboratory setup. The EUROIMMUN test may be an acceptable alternative in resource-limited settings, but should be used prudently.",
publisher = "Microbiology Soc, London",
journal = "Journal of Medical Microbiology",
title = "Comparative evaluation of three commercial Toxoplasma-specific IgG antibody avidity tests and significance in different clinical settings",
pages = "364-358",
number = "3",
volume = "58",
doi = "10.1099/jmm.0.006668-0"
}

Bobić, B., Klun, I., Vujanić, M., Nikolić, A., Ivović, V., Živković, T.,& Đurković-Đaković, O.. (2009). Comparative evaluation of three commercial Toxoplasma-specific IgG antibody avidity tests and significance in different clinical settings. in Journal of Medical Microbiology
Microbiology Soc, London., 58(3), 358-364.
https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.006668-0

Bobić B, Klun I, Vujanić M, Nikolić A, Ivović V, Živković T, Đurković-Đaković O. Comparative evaluation of three commercial Toxoplasma-specific IgG antibody avidity tests and significance in different clinical settings. in Journal of Medical Microbiology. 2009;58(3):358-364.
doi:10.1099/jmm.0.006668-0 .

Bobić, Branko, Klun, Ivana, Vujanić, Marija, Nikolić, Aleksandra, Ivović, Vladimir, Živković, Tijana, Đurković-Đaković, Olgica, "Comparative evaluation of three commercial Toxoplasma-specific IgG antibody avidity tests and significance in different clinical settings" in Journal of Medical Microbiology, 58, no. 3 (2009):358-364,
https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.006668-0 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Milovanović, Ivan
AU  - Vujanić, Marija
AU  - Klun, Ivana
AU  - Bobić, Branko
AU  - Nikolić, Aleksandra
AU  - Ivović, Vladimir
AU  - Trbovich, Alexander M.
AU  - Đurković-Đaković, Olgica
PY  - 2009
UR  - http://rimi.imi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/253
AB  - Host lipids have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Toxoplasma gondii infection. To determine if Toxoplasma infection influences the lipid status in the normal host, we assessed serum lipids of Swiss-Webster mice during infection with the BGD-1 strain (type-2) at a series of time points. Mice were bled at days zero and 42 post-infection, and subgroups were additionally bled on alternating weeks (model 1), or sacrificed at days zero, 14 and 42 (model 2) for the measurement of total cholesterol (Chl), high density lipoproteins (HDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL) and triglycerides and adiponectin. At day 42, brains were harvested for cyst enumeration. A significant decrease (p = 0.02) in HDL and total Chl was first noted in infected vs. control mice at day 14 and persisted to day 42 (p = 0.013). Conversely, LDL was unaltered until day 42, when it increased (p = 0.043). Serum LDL levels at day 42 correlated only with cyst counts of above 300 (found in 44% mice), while the change in HDL between days zero and 42 correlated with both the overall mean cyst count (p - 0.041) and cyst counts above 300 (p - 0.044). Calculated per cyst, this decrease in HDL in individual animals ranged from 0.1-17 mu mol/L, with a mean of 2.43 +/- 4.14 mu mol/L. Serum adiponectin levels remained similar between infected and control mice throughout the experiment.
PB  - Fundaco Oswaldo Cruz, Rio De Janeiro, Rj
T2  - Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz
T1  - Toxoplasma gondii infection induces lipid metabolism alterations in the murine host
EP  - 178
IS  - 2
SP  - 175
VL  - 104
DO  - 10.1590/S0074-02762009000200008
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Milovanović, Ivan and Vujanić, Marija and Klun, Ivana and Bobić, Branko and Nikolić, Aleksandra and Ivović, Vladimir and Trbovich, Alexander M. and Đurković-Đaković, Olgica",
year = "2009",
abstract = "Host lipids have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Toxoplasma gondii infection. To determine if Toxoplasma infection influences the lipid status in the normal host, we assessed serum lipids of Swiss-Webster mice during infection with the BGD-1 strain (type-2) at a series of time points. Mice were bled at days zero and 42 post-infection, and subgroups were additionally bled on alternating weeks (model 1), or sacrificed at days zero, 14 and 42 (model 2) for the measurement of total cholesterol (Chl), high density lipoproteins (HDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL) and triglycerides and adiponectin. At day 42, brains were harvested for cyst enumeration. A significant decrease (p = 0.02) in HDL and total Chl was first noted in infected vs. control mice at day 14 and persisted to day 42 (p = 0.013). Conversely, LDL was unaltered until day 42, when it increased (p = 0.043). Serum LDL levels at day 42 correlated only with cyst counts of above 300 (found in 44% mice), while the change in HDL between days zero and 42 correlated with both the overall mean cyst count (p - 0.041) and cyst counts above 300 (p - 0.044). Calculated per cyst, this decrease in HDL in individual animals ranged from 0.1-17 mu mol/L, with a mean of 2.43 +/- 4.14 mu mol/L. Serum adiponectin levels remained similar between infected and control mice throughout the experiment.",
publisher = "Fundaco Oswaldo Cruz, Rio De Janeiro, Rj",
journal = "Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz",
title = "Toxoplasma gondii infection induces lipid metabolism alterations in the murine host",
pages = "178-175",
number = "2",
volume = "104",
doi = "10.1590/S0074-02762009000200008"
}

Milovanović, I., Vujanić, M., Klun, I., Bobić, B., Nikolić, A., Ivović, V., Trbovich, A. M.,& Đurković-Đaković, O.. (2009). Toxoplasma gondii infection induces lipid metabolism alterations in the murine host. in Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz
Fundaco Oswaldo Cruz, Rio De Janeiro, Rj., 104(2), 175-178.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02762009000200008

Milovanović I, Vujanić M, Klun I, Bobić B, Nikolić A, Ivović V, Trbovich AM, Đurković-Đaković O. Toxoplasma gondii infection induces lipid metabolism alterations in the murine host. in Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. 2009;104(2):175-178.
doi:10.1590/S0074-02762009000200008 .

Milovanović, Ivan, Vujanić, Marija, Klun, Ivana, Bobić, Branko, Nikolić, Aleksandra, Ivović, Vladimir, Trbovich, Alexander M., Đurković-Đaković, Olgica, "Toxoplasma gondii infection induces lipid metabolism alterations in the murine host" in Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 104, no. 2 (2009):175-178,
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02762009000200008 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nikolić, Aleksandra
AU  - Dimitrijević, Sanda
AU  - Katić-Radivojević, Sofija
AU  - Klun, Ivana
AU  - Bobić, Branko
AU  - Đurković-Đaković, Olgica
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://rimi.imi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/199
AB  - To identify areas of risk for canine-related zoonoses in Serbia, the aim of this Study was to provide baseline knowledge about intestinal parasites in 15 1 dogs (65 household pets, 75 stray and I I military working dogs) from Belgrade. The following parasites, with their respective prevalences, were detected: Giardia duodenalis (14.6%), Ancylostomatidae (24.5%), Toxocara canis (30.5%), Trichuris vulpis (47.0%) and Taenia-type helminths (6.6%). Of all examined dogs, 75.5% (114/151) were found to harbour at least one parasite species. Of these, mixed infections with Up to four species per dog occurred in 44.7% (51/114). Infections with all detected species were significantly higher (p  lt  0.05) in military working (100%) and stray dogs (93.3%) versus household pets (50.8%). Among all parasites, agents with zoonotic potential including Giardia, Ancylostomatidae and Toxocara were detected in 58.3% (88/151) of all examined dogs with a significant difference (p  lt  0.05) among the subgroups (100%, 62.7% and 46.2% for military working dogs, stray dogs and household pets, respectively). The high prevalence of zoonotic parasites registered in the dog population from a highly urban area in south-eastern Europe indicates a potential risk to human health. Thus, veterinarians should play an important role in helping to prevent or minimise zoonotic transmission.
PB  - Akademiai Kiado Zrt, Budapest
T2  - Acta Veterinaria Hungarica
T1  - High prevalence of intestinal zoonotic parasites in dogs from Belgrade, Serbia - Short communication
EP  - 340
IS  - 3
SP  - 335
VL  - 56
DO  - 10.1556/AVet.56.2008.3.7
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Nikolić, Aleksandra and Dimitrijević, Sanda and Katić-Radivojević, Sofija and Klun, Ivana and Bobić, Branko and Đurković-Đaković, Olgica",
year = "2008",
abstract = "To identify areas of risk for canine-related zoonoses in Serbia, the aim of this Study was to provide baseline knowledge about intestinal parasites in 15 1 dogs (65 household pets, 75 stray and I I military working dogs) from Belgrade. The following parasites, with their respective prevalences, were detected: Giardia duodenalis (14.6%), Ancylostomatidae (24.5%), Toxocara canis (30.5%), Trichuris vulpis (47.0%) and Taenia-type helminths (6.6%). Of all examined dogs, 75.5% (114/151) were found to harbour at least one parasite species. Of these, mixed infections with Up to four species per dog occurred in 44.7% (51/114). Infections with all detected species were significantly higher (p  lt  0.05) in military working (100%) and stray dogs (93.3%) versus household pets (50.8%). Among all parasites, agents with zoonotic potential including Giardia, Ancylostomatidae and Toxocara were detected in 58.3% (88/151) of all examined dogs with a significant difference (p  lt  0.05) among the subgroups (100%, 62.7% and 46.2% for military working dogs, stray dogs and household pets, respectively). The high prevalence of zoonotic parasites registered in the dog population from a highly urban area in south-eastern Europe indicates a potential risk to human health. Thus, veterinarians should play an important role in helping to prevent or minimise zoonotic transmission.",
publisher = "Akademiai Kiado Zrt, Budapest",
journal = "Acta Veterinaria Hungarica",
title = "High prevalence of intestinal zoonotic parasites in dogs from Belgrade, Serbia - Short communication",
pages = "340-335",
number = "3",
volume = "56",
doi = "10.1556/AVet.56.2008.3.7"
}

Nikolić, A., Dimitrijević, S., Katić-Radivojević, S., Klun, I., Bobić, B.,& Đurković-Đaković, O.. (2008). High prevalence of intestinal zoonotic parasites in dogs from Belgrade, Serbia - Short communication. in Acta Veterinaria Hungarica
Akademiai Kiado Zrt, Budapest., 56(3), 335-340.
https://doi.org/10.1556/AVet.56.2008.3.7

Nikolić A, Dimitrijević S, Katić-Radivojević S, Klun I, Bobić B, Đurković-Đaković O. High prevalence of intestinal zoonotic parasites in dogs from Belgrade, Serbia - Short communication. in Acta Veterinaria Hungarica. 2008;56(3):335-340.
doi:10.1556/AVet.56.2008.3.7 .

Nikolić, Aleksandra, Dimitrijević, Sanda, Katić-Radivojević, Sofija, Klun, Ivana, Bobić, Branko, Đurković-Đaković, Olgica, "High prevalence of intestinal zoonotic parasites in dogs from Belgrade, Serbia - Short communication" in Acta Veterinaria Hungarica, 56, no. 3 (2008):335-340,
https://doi.org/10.1556/AVet.56.2008.3.7 . .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Milovanović, I.
AU  - Trbovich, Alexander M.
AU  - Vujanić, Marija
AU  - Klun, Ivana
AU  - Bobić, Branko
AU  - Nikolić, Aleksandra
AU  - Ivović, V.
AU  - Đurković-Đaković, Olgica
PY  - 2008
UR  - http://rimi.imi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/193
PB  - Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford
C3  - International Journal of Infectious Diseases
T1  - Toxoplasma gondii Infection Induces Lipid Metabolism Alterations in the Murine Host
EP  - E173
SP  - E172
VL  - 12
DO  - 10.1016/j.ijid.2008.05.430
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Milovanović, I. and Trbovich, Alexander M. and Vujanić, Marija and Klun, Ivana and Bobić, Branko and Nikolić, Aleksandra and Ivović, V. and Đurković-Đaković, Olgica",
year = "2008",
publisher = "Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford",
journal = "International Journal of Infectious Diseases",
title = "Toxoplasma gondii Infection Induces Lipid Metabolism Alterations in the Murine Host",
pages = "E173-E172",
volume = "12",
doi = "10.1016/j.ijid.2008.05.430"
}

Milovanović, I., Trbovich, A. M., Vujanić, M., Klun, I., Bobić, B., Nikolić, A., Ivović, V.,& Đurković-Đaković, O.. (2008). Toxoplasma gondii Infection Induces Lipid Metabolism Alterations in the Murine Host. in International Journal of Infectious Diseases
Elsevier Sci Ltd, Oxford., 12, E172-E173.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2008.05.430

Milovanović I, Trbovich AM, Vujanić M, Klun I, Bobić B, Nikolić A, Ivović V, Đurković-Đaković O. Toxoplasma gondii Infection Induces Lipid Metabolism Alterations in the Murine Host. in International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2008;12:E172-E173.
doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2008.05.430 .

Milovanović, I., Trbovich, Alexander M., Vujanić, Marija, Klun, Ivana, Bobić, Branko, Nikolić, Aleksandra, Ivović, V., Đurković-Đaković, Olgica, "Toxoplasma gondii Infection Induces Lipid Metabolism Alterations in the Murine Host" in International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 12 (2008):E172-E173,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2008.05.430 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Đurković-Đaković, Olgica
AU  - Klun, Ivana
AU  - Khan, Asis
AU  - Nikolić, Aleksandra
AU  - Knežević-Usaj, Slavica
AU  - Bobić, Branko
AU  - Sibley, L. David
PY  - 2006
UR  - http://rimi.imi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/152
AB  - Despite its capacity for sexual reproduction and global distribution, Toxoplasma gondii has a highly clonal structure, with the majority of isolates belonging to three distinct clonal types. Congenital toxoplasmosis has been associated with type I and type II strains. We here present the first characterization of a T. gondii strain (BGD1) from South-East Europe, isolated from the umbilical blood of a 24-week-old fetus in Serbia. Genotyping, performed by PCR-RFLP using a set of nested PCR markers (5'SAG2, 3'SAG2, BTUB, SAG3, and GRA6), showed that the BGD1 strain possessed a type II genotype. The cytokine patterns in Swiss-Webster mice inoculated with brain cysts of BGD1 and the prototype type II ME49 strain were similar until 180 days post-infection, with highly elevated IFN-gamma, IL-12 and IL-10 by d7 and decreasing thereafter. While both strains induced pneumonia and hepatitis in acute infection (d14), chronic infection (d56) was characterized, in addition to hepatitis, by severe meningoencephalitis, associated with numerous brain cysts. Thus, the BGD1 strain of T. gondii has type II genotypic and immunologic characteristics, but unlike other type II strains of human origin, induces severe encephalitis, making it an alternative to the sheep-derived ME49 strain for experimental models of infection.
PB  - Elsevier Science Bv, Amsterdam
T2  - Microbes & Infection
T1  - A human origin type II strain of Toxoplasma gondii causing severe encephalitis in mice
EP  - 2212
IS  - 8
SP  - 2206
VL  - 8
DO  - 10.1016/j.micinf.2006.04.016
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Đurković-Đaković, Olgica and Klun, Ivana and Khan, Asis and Nikolić, Aleksandra and Knežević-Usaj, Slavica and Bobić, Branko and Sibley, L. David",
year = "2006",
abstract = "Despite its capacity for sexual reproduction and global distribution, Toxoplasma gondii has a highly clonal structure, with the majority of isolates belonging to three distinct clonal types. Congenital toxoplasmosis has been associated with type I and type II strains. We here present the first characterization of a T. gondii strain (BGD1) from South-East Europe, isolated from the umbilical blood of a 24-week-old fetus in Serbia. Genotyping, performed by PCR-RFLP using a set of nested PCR markers (5'SAG2, 3'SAG2, BTUB, SAG3, and GRA6), showed that the BGD1 strain possessed a type II genotype. The cytokine patterns in Swiss-Webster mice inoculated with brain cysts of BGD1 and the prototype type II ME49 strain were similar until 180 days post-infection, with highly elevated IFN-gamma, IL-12 and IL-10 by d7 and decreasing thereafter. While both strains induced pneumonia and hepatitis in acute infection (d14), chronic infection (d56) was characterized, in addition to hepatitis, by severe meningoencephalitis, associated with numerous brain cysts. Thus, the BGD1 strain of T. gondii has type II genotypic and immunologic characteristics, but unlike other type II strains of human origin, induces severe encephalitis, making it an alternative to the sheep-derived ME49 strain for experimental models of infection.",
publisher = "Elsevier Science Bv, Amsterdam",
journal = "Microbes & Infection",
title = "A human origin type II strain of Toxoplasma gondii causing severe encephalitis in mice",
pages = "2212-2206",
number = "8",
volume = "8",
doi = "10.1016/j.micinf.2006.04.016"
}

Đurković-Đaković, O., Klun, I., Khan, A., Nikolić, A., Knežević-Usaj, S., Bobić, B.,& Sibley, L. D.. (2006). A human origin type II strain of Toxoplasma gondii causing severe encephalitis in mice. in Microbes & Infection
Elsevier Science Bv, Amsterdam., 8(8), 2206-2212.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micinf.2006.04.016

Đurković-Đaković O, Klun I, Khan A, Nikolić A, Knežević-Usaj S, Bobić B, Sibley LD. A human origin type II strain of Toxoplasma gondii causing severe encephalitis in mice. in Microbes & Infection. 2006;8(8):2206-2212.
doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2006.04.016 .

Đurković-Đaković, Olgica, Klun, Ivana, Khan, Asis, Nikolić, Aleksandra, Knežević-Usaj, Slavica, Bobić, Branko, Sibley, L. David, "A human origin type II strain of Toxoplasma gondii causing severe encephalitis in mice" in Microbes & Infection, 8, no. 8 (2006):2206-2212,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micinf.2006.04.016 . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bobić, Branko
AU  - Nikolić, Aleksandra
AU  - Đurković-Đaković, Olgica
PY  - 2003
UR  - http://rimi.imi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/85
AB  - Background: Toxoplasmosis has long been known as a major cause of perinatal morbidity. Acute infection in pregnancy may lead to fetal infection and subsequent fetal loss or birth of a manifestly or latently infected infant. However, it is a preventable disease. In Europe, significant variations have been shown to occur not only between countries but also within a given country indicating local variations in the influence of epidemiological factors contributing to infection. Thus, many European countries have implemented prevention programs in measure with the respective estimated risk of congenital toxoplasmosis. Since in view of its cost, a general screening-in-pregnancy program is at present not an option in Serbia & Montenegro, insight into the risk factors of particular local significance may therefore improve the quality of and the compliance with the hygienic and dietetic advice given to pregnant women as a preventive measure, as well as identify the particular subpopulations at an increased risk of infection who may then be selectively screened. Subjects and methods: A retrospective study of risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection based on serological and epidemiological data (questionnaire) was performed in a series of 2936 women aged 15-49 years from throughout Serbia tested in our laboratory between 1988 and 1997. Inclusion criteria included availability of serological and epidemiological data (as specified below). Specific anti-Toxoplasma antibodies were detected by the reference Sabin-Feldman dye test as modified by Desmonts into the lysis test. The questionnaire included questions on age (stratified into five-year groups), degree of education (modalities: grade school, secondary or university level), and community of residence (urban/suburban), as well as on life-style habits pertaining to infection transmission risk factors: consumption of undercooked meat, exposure to soil, and exposure to cats (pet cat ownership). In addition, the year of entry into the study was taken as a variable per se. Statistics: The difference in the rates of infection between groups was evaluated by the chi-square test (c2). Logistic regression (univariant and multivariant approaches) was used to analyze the association between Toxoplasma infection and the specific demographic and epidemiological factors. Results: The overall prevalence of infection was 69 %, but with very wide variations both over time (decreasing from 86 % in 1988 to 39 % in 1997) and region (40-90 %). The risk of infection increased from the south to the north (RR=0.97, CI=0.94-0.98). Within Belgrade, the risk was higher in urban than in suburban zones (RR=0.79, CI=0.64-0.93). The single infection transmission factor that was shown to be a predictor of infection in the whole study group was undercooked meat consumption (RR=1.6 CI=1.2-2.1), while exposure to soil was a predictor only in women aged 15-19 (RR=10.3, CI=2.7-38.6). Owning pet cats had no influence. While T. gondii infection was not associated with pathological pregnancies (p=0.51) in the whole study population, it was significantly associated with pathological pregnancies in women exposed to both undercooked meat consumption (p=0.009) and in those aged 15-19 in contact with soil (p=0.022), as well as in women residing in highly urban communities (p=0.048). Conclusion: The dramatic decrease in the prevalence of T. gondii infection over the nineties resulted in a rising proportion of women exposed to infection in pregnancy and consequently in an increased risk of congenital toxoplasmosis. Since the financial status of the country’s health system does not allow for a general screening-in-pregnancy program, we propose, based on the above data, health education of all pregnant women in combination with serological testing of those exposed to predictors of infection as an epidemiologically sound and financially sustainable alternative.
AB  - Potreba za uvođenjem programa prevencije kongenitalne toksoplazmoze u Srbiji usmerila je cilj ovog istraživanja na identifikaciju faktora rizika za infekciju parazitom Toxoplasma gondii u našoj sredini, kao i na određivanje uloge faktora rizika u nastanku patoloških trudnoća. Seroepidemiološkim ispitivanjem 2.936 žena starosti 15-49 godina sa teritorije cele Srbije uperiodu od 1988. do 1997. pokazana je prevalenca infekcije od 69 %, koja je tokom perioda značajno opadala, sa 86 % u 1988. na 39 % u 1997. godini (p=0,000). Multivarijantnom logističkom regresionom analizom epidemioloških i demografskih činilaca pokazano je da su prediktori infekcije T. gondii godina uključivanja žena u studiju (RR=0,780, IP=0,753-0,807), godine starosti (RR=1,002, IP=1,002-1,182), mesto stanovanja (RR=0,768 IP=0,635-0,928), konzumiranje termički nedovoljno obrađenog (TNO) mesa (RR=1,568, IP=1,169-2,102), kao i kontakt sa zemljom u dobi od 15 do 19 godina (RR=10,313, IP=2,753-38,63). Kako se učestalost toksoplazmatske infekcije nije razlikovala (p=0,508) između žena sa patološkim trudnoćama (70,8 %) i kontrolne grupe zdravih trudnica (69 %), toksoplazmoza nije bila značajno povezana sa pojavom patoloških trudnoća. Međutim, kada je ista analiza urađena u odnosu na izloženost prediktorima infekcije, stopa infekcije je bila značajno viša u grupama žena sa patološkim trudnoćama koje su živele u visokourbanizovanoj sredini, tj. u centralnim opštinama Beograda (p=0,048), konzumirale TNO meso (p=0,009) su ili bile u kontaktu sa zemljom (p=0,022). Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na to da bi program prevencije kongenitalne toksoplazmoze u našoj sredini trebalo da obuhvati zdravstveno prosvećivanje svih trudnica, uz serološki skrining onih koje su pod povišenim rizikom od infekcije.
PB  - Srpsko lekarsko društvo, Beograd
T2  - Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
T1  - Identification of risk factors for toxoplasma gondii infection in serbia as a basis of a program for prevention of congenital toxoplasmosis
T1  - Identifikacija faktora rizika za infekciju parazitom toxoplasma gondii u Srbiji kao osnov programa prevencije kongenitalne toksoplazmoze
EP  - 167
IS  - 3-4
SP  - 162
VL  - 131
DO  - 10.2298/SARH0304162B
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Bobić, Branko and Nikolić, Aleksandra and Đurković-Đaković, Olgica",
year = "2003",
abstract = "Background: Toxoplasmosis has long been known as a major cause of perinatal morbidity. Acute infection in pregnancy may lead to fetal infection and subsequent fetal loss or birth of a manifestly or latently infected infant. However, it is a preventable disease. In Europe, significant variations have been shown to occur not only between countries but also within a given country indicating local variations in the influence of epidemiological factors contributing to infection. Thus, many European countries have implemented prevention programs in measure with the respective estimated risk of congenital toxoplasmosis. Since in view of its cost, a general screening-in-pregnancy program is at present not an option in Serbia & Montenegro, insight into the risk factors of particular local significance may therefore improve the quality of and the compliance with the hygienic and dietetic advice given to pregnant women as a preventive measure, as well as identify the particular subpopulations at an increased risk of infection who may then be selectively screened. Subjects and methods: A retrospective study of risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection based on serological and epidemiological data (questionnaire) was performed in a series of 2936 women aged 15-49 years from throughout Serbia tested in our laboratory between 1988 and 1997. Inclusion criteria included availability of serological and epidemiological data (as specified below). Specific anti-Toxoplasma antibodies were detected by the reference Sabin-Feldman dye test as modified by Desmonts into the lysis test. The questionnaire included questions on age (stratified into five-year groups), degree of education (modalities: grade school, secondary or university level), and community of residence (urban/suburban), as well as on life-style habits pertaining to infection transmission risk factors: consumption of undercooked meat, exposure to soil, and exposure to cats (pet cat ownership). In addition, the year of entry into the study was taken as a variable per se. Statistics: The difference in the rates of infection between groups was evaluated by the chi-square test (c2). Logistic regression (univariant and multivariant approaches) was used to analyze the association between Toxoplasma infection and the specific demographic and epidemiological factors. Results: The overall prevalence of infection was 69 %, but with very wide variations both over time (decreasing from 86 % in 1988 to 39 % in 1997) and region (40-90 %). The risk of infection increased from the south to the north (RR=0.97, CI=0.94-0.98). Within Belgrade, the risk was higher in urban than in suburban zones (RR=0.79, CI=0.64-0.93). The single infection transmission factor that was shown to be a predictor of infection in the whole study group was undercooked meat consumption (RR=1.6 CI=1.2-2.1), while exposure to soil was a predictor only in women aged 15-19 (RR=10.3, CI=2.7-38.6). Owning pet cats had no influence. While T. gondii infection was not associated with pathological pregnancies (p=0.51) in the whole study population, it was significantly associated with pathological pregnancies in women exposed to both undercooked meat consumption (p=0.009) and in those aged 15-19 in contact with soil (p=0.022), as well as in women residing in highly urban communities (p=0.048). Conclusion: The dramatic decrease in the prevalence of T. gondii infection over the nineties resulted in a rising proportion of women exposed to infection in pregnancy and consequently in an increased risk of congenital toxoplasmosis. Since the financial status of the country’s health system does not allow for a general screening-in-pregnancy program, we propose, based on the above data, health education of all pregnant women in combination with serological testing of those exposed to predictors of infection as an epidemiologically sound and financially sustainable alternative., Potreba za uvođenjem programa prevencije kongenitalne toksoplazmoze u Srbiji usmerila je cilj ovog istraživanja na identifikaciju faktora rizika za infekciju parazitom Toxoplasma gondii u našoj sredini, kao i na određivanje uloge faktora rizika u nastanku patoloških trudnoća. Seroepidemiološkim ispitivanjem 2.936 žena starosti 15-49 godina sa teritorije cele Srbije uperiodu od 1988. do 1997. pokazana je prevalenca infekcije od 69 %, koja je tokom perioda značajno opadala, sa 86 % u 1988. na 39 % u 1997. godini (p=0,000). Multivarijantnom logističkom regresionom analizom epidemioloških i demografskih činilaca pokazano je da su prediktori infekcije T. gondii godina uključivanja žena u studiju (RR=0,780, IP=0,753-0,807), godine starosti (RR=1,002, IP=1,002-1,182), mesto stanovanja (RR=0,768 IP=0,635-0,928), konzumiranje termički nedovoljno obrađenog (TNO) mesa (RR=1,568, IP=1,169-2,102), kao i kontakt sa zemljom u dobi od 15 do 19 godina (RR=10,313, IP=2,753-38,63). Kako se učestalost toksoplazmatske infekcije nije razlikovala (p=0,508) između žena sa patološkim trudnoćama (70,8 %) i kontrolne grupe zdravih trudnica (69 %), toksoplazmoza nije bila značajno povezana sa pojavom patoloških trudnoća. Međutim, kada je ista analiza urađena u odnosu na izloženost prediktorima infekcije, stopa infekcije je bila značajno viša u grupama žena sa patološkim trudnoćama koje su živele u visokourbanizovanoj sredini, tj. u centralnim opštinama Beograda (p=0,048), konzumirale TNO meso (p=0,009) su ili bile u kontaktu sa zemljom (p=0,022). Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na to da bi program prevencije kongenitalne toksoplazmoze u našoj sredini trebalo da obuhvati zdravstveno prosvećivanje svih trudnica, uz serološki skrining onih koje su pod povišenim rizikom od infekcije.",
publisher = "Srpsko lekarsko društvo, Beograd",
journal = "Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo",
title = "Identification of risk factors for toxoplasma gondii infection in serbia as a basis of a program for prevention of congenital toxoplasmosis, Identifikacija faktora rizika za infekciju parazitom toxoplasma gondii u Srbiji kao osnov programa prevencije kongenitalne toksoplazmoze",
pages = "167-162",
number = "3-4",
volume = "131",
doi = "10.2298/SARH0304162B"
}

Bobić, B., Nikolić, A.,& Đurković-Đaković, O.. (2003). Identification of risk factors for toxoplasma gondii infection in serbia as a basis of a program for prevention of congenital toxoplasmosis. in Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo
Srpsko lekarsko društvo, Beograd., 131(3-4), 162-167.
https://doi.org/10.2298/SARH0304162B

Bobić B, Nikolić A, Đurković-Đaković O. Identification of risk factors for toxoplasma gondii infection in serbia as a basis of a program for prevention of congenital toxoplasmosis. in Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo. 2003;131(3-4):162-167.
doi:10.2298/SARH0304162B .

Bobić, Branko, Nikolić, Aleksandra, Đurković-Đaković, Olgica, "Identification of risk factors for toxoplasma gondii infection in serbia as a basis of a program for prevention of congenital toxoplasmosis" in Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo, 131, no. 3-4 (2003):162-167,
https://doi.org/10.2298/SARH0304162B . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nikolić, Aleksandra
AU  - Đurković-Đaković, Olgica
AU  - Bobić, Branko
PY  - 2002
UR  - http://rimi.imi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/77
AB  - Investigation of intestinal parasitism in Serbia during the period 1984-1993 showed infection with 9 species (Entamoeba histoiytica, Entamoeba hartmanni Entamoeba coli, lodamoeba biitchlii, Giardia lamblia, Hymenolepis пaпa Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura), with a high overall prevalence of 24.6%. However, significant variations (14.4-43.8%) were found among the investigated counties, which occurred as a consequence of numerous factors (environmental, economic, societal cultural). While some of these are defined, others remain to be elucidated. Given the downfall of the general living conditions in our country over the past decade, the impact of the level of economic development on the occurrence of intestinal parasitic infections was investigated. The level of public income per capita as provided by the Federal Agency of Statistics was taken as a parameter of economic development. By this criterion, of all 16 counties examined, nine were considered developed (Kragujevac, Lučani, Bor Valjevo, Pirot, Ivanjica, Užice, Kladovo, Beograd), while seven were underdeveloped (Žagubica, Sjenica, Novi Pazar, Aleksandrovac, Bosilegrad Golubac, Negotin). Our series included 4913 children, of which 2858 (58.2%) resided in developed, and 2055 (41.8%) in underdeveloped counties. The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections was significantly higher (p lt 0.01) in residents of underdeveloped counties (27.2%) than in residents of the developed ones (22.7%). In addition, infections with clinically relevant species such as G. lamblia, A. lumbricoides i T.trichiura were more frequent in underdeveloped counties, while the infection rate with E.vermicularis was even significantly higher (p lt 0.01). In view of the continuing negative economic trends in our country during the past decade these results emphasize the urgent need for defining strategies and programmes for the control of intestinal parasite infections in Serbia.
AB  - Istraživanjem rasprostranjenosti crevnih parazitskih infekcija u Srbiji (1984-1993) dokazano je prisustvo devet vrsta parazita (Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba hartmanni, Entamoeba coli, lodamoeba butchlii Ciardia lamblia, Hymenolepis пaпa, Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura), sa visokom opštom prevalencom od 24,6%. Značajna raznolikost nalaza na 16 ispitanih područja (14,4-43,8%) nastala je kao posledica uticaja brojnih epidemioloških činilaca od kojih su neki prepoznati i definisani. U ovom radu je analiziran uticaj ekonomske razvijenosti Srbije na rasprostranjenost crevnih parazitskih infekcija. Ekonomska razvijenost procenjena je prema nivou narodnog dohotka po stanovniku, po kome je devet ispitanih područja ekonomski razvijeno (Kragujevac, Lučani, Bor, Valjevo, Pirot, Ivanjica, Užice, Kladovo Beograd), a preostalih sedam nedovoljno razvijeno (Žagubica, Sjenica, Novi Pazar, Aleksandrovac, Bosilegrad, Golubac, Negotin). Od 4913 pregledane dece, 2858 (58,2%) živelo je u ekonomski razvijenim, a 2055 (41,8%) u nedovoljno razvijenim područjima. Pokazano je da su infekcije crevnim parazitima značajno učestalije (p lt 0,01) u ekonomski nedovoljno razvijenim (27,2%) u odnosu na razvijena područja (22,7%). Klinički značajne vrste G. lamblia, A.lumbricoides i T. trichiura se javljaju češće, a E, vermicularis značajno češće (p lt 0,01), u ekonomski nedovoljno razvijenim područjima. Kako je prevalenca ovih infekcija u deset naselja bila izrazito visoka ( gt 50%) podatak da se čak osam ovih naselja nalazi na ekonomski nedovoljno razvijenim područjima Srbije ukazuje na to da je životni standard stanovništva faktor rizika za crevne parazitske infekcije. S obzirom na zbivanja u našem okruženju u poslednjoj deceniji (posle 1993) koja su rezultirala negativnim ekonomskim trendovima, rezultati ove studije ukazuju na potrebu hitne izrade strategije i programa za suzbijanje crevnih parazitskih infekcija u Srbiji.
PB  - Klinički centar Srbije - Institut za infektivne i tropske bolesti "Prof dr Kosta Todorović", Beograd
T2  - Acta infectologica Iugoslavica
T1  - Impact of the level of economic development on intestinal parasitism in serbia
T1  - Uticaj ekonomske razvijenosti na crevni parazitizam u Srbiji
EP  - 30
IS  - 1-2
SP  - 25
VL  - 7
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimi_77
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Nikolić, Aleksandra and Đurković-Đaković, Olgica and Bobić, Branko",
year = "2002",
abstract = "Investigation of intestinal parasitism in Serbia during the period 1984-1993 showed infection with 9 species (Entamoeba histoiytica, Entamoeba hartmanni Entamoeba coli, lodamoeba biitchlii, Giardia lamblia, Hymenolepis пaпa Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura), with a high overall prevalence of 24.6%. However, significant variations (14.4-43.8%) were found among the investigated counties, which occurred as a consequence of numerous factors (environmental, economic, societal cultural). While some of these are defined, others remain to be elucidated. Given the downfall of the general living conditions in our country over the past decade, the impact of the level of economic development on the occurrence of intestinal parasitic infections was investigated. The level of public income per capita as provided by the Federal Agency of Statistics was taken as a parameter of economic development. By this criterion, of all 16 counties examined, nine were considered developed (Kragujevac, Lučani, Bor Valjevo, Pirot, Ivanjica, Užice, Kladovo, Beograd), while seven were underdeveloped (Žagubica, Sjenica, Novi Pazar, Aleksandrovac, Bosilegrad Golubac, Negotin). Our series included 4913 children, of which 2858 (58.2%) resided in developed, and 2055 (41.8%) in underdeveloped counties. The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections was significantly higher (p lt 0.01) in residents of underdeveloped counties (27.2%) than in residents of the developed ones (22.7%). In addition, infections with clinically relevant species such as G. lamblia, A. lumbricoides i T.trichiura were more frequent in underdeveloped counties, while the infection rate with E.vermicularis was even significantly higher (p lt 0.01). In view of the continuing negative economic trends in our country during the past decade these results emphasize the urgent need for defining strategies and programmes for the control of intestinal parasite infections in Serbia., Istraživanjem rasprostranjenosti crevnih parazitskih infekcija u Srbiji (1984-1993) dokazano je prisustvo devet vrsta parazita (Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba hartmanni, Entamoeba coli, lodamoeba butchlii Ciardia lamblia, Hymenolepis пaпa, Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura), sa visokom opštom prevalencom od 24,6%. Značajna raznolikost nalaza na 16 ispitanih područja (14,4-43,8%) nastala je kao posledica uticaja brojnih epidemioloških činilaca od kojih su neki prepoznati i definisani. U ovom radu je analiziran uticaj ekonomske razvijenosti Srbije na rasprostranjenost crevnih parazitskih infekcija. Ekonomska razvijenost procenjena je prema nivou narodnog dohotka po stanovniku, po kome je devet ispitanih područja ekonomski razvijeno (Kragujevac, Lučani, Bor, Valjevo, Pirot, Ivanjica, Užice, Kladovo Beograd), a preostalih sedam nedovoljno razvijeno (Žagubica, Sjenica, Novi Pazar, Aleksandrovac, Bosilegrad, Golubac, Negotin). Od 4913 pregledane dece, 2858 (58,2%) živelo je u ekonomski razvijenim, a 2055 (41,8%) u nedovoljno razvijenim područjima. Pokazano je da su infekcije crevnim parazitima značajno učestalije (p lt 0,01) u ekonomski nedovoljno razvijenim (27,2%) u odnosu na razvijena područja (22,7%). Klinički značajne vrste G. lamblia, A.lumbricoides i T. trichiura se javljaju češće, a E, vermicularis značajno češće (p lt 0,01), u ekonomski nedovoljno razvijenim područjima. Kako je prevalenca ovih infekcija u deset naselja bila izrazito visoka ( gt 50%) podatak da se čak osam ovih naselja nalazi na ekonomski nedovoljno razvijenim područjima Srbije ukazuje na to da je životni standard stanovništva faktor rizika za crevne parazitske infekcije. S obzirom na zbivanja u našem okruženju u poslednjoj deceniji (posle 1993) koja su rezultirala negativnim ekonomskim trendovima, rezultati ove studije ukazuju na potrebu hitne izrade strategije i programa za suzbijanje crevnih parazitskih infekcija u Srbiji.",
publisher = "Klinički centar Srbije - Institut za infektivne i tropske bolesti "Prof dr Kosta Todorović", Beograd",
journal = "Acta infectologica Iugoslavica",
title = "Impact of the level of economic development on intestinal parasitism in serbia, Uticaj ekonomske razvijenosti na crevni parazitizam u Srbiji",
pages = "30-25",
number = "1-2",
volume = "7",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimi_77"
}

Nikolić, A., Đurković-Đaković, O.,& Bobić, B.. (2002). Impact of the level of economic development on intestinal parasitism in serbia. in Acta infectologica Iugoslavica
Klinički centar Srbije - Institut za infektivne i tropske bolesti "Prof dr Kosta Todorović", Beograd., 7(1-2), 25-30.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimi_77

Nikolić A, Đurković-Đaković O, Bobić B. Impact of the level of economic development on intestinal parasitism in serbia. in Acta infectologica Iugoslavica. 2002;7(1-2):25-30.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimi_77 .

Nikolić, Aleksandra, Đurković-Đaković, Olgica, Bobić, Branko, "Impact of the level of economic development on intestinal parasitism in serbia" in Acta infectologica Iugoslavica, 7, no. 1-2 (2002):25-30,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_rimi_77 .