Utilization of ultrasound as a diagnostic tool in the preoperative assessment of patients with adnexal masses

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the reliability of ultrasound scan (US) findings in the preoperative assessment of the nature of adnexal masses in females. Methods: After detailed history, a preoperative US examination was performed in all women. Tumor diameter, localization, the presence of solid, cystic and multilocular components, excrescences, metastasis and free fluid were assessed. Doppler scan was done and pulsatility (PI) and resistance indices (RI) were determined. These data were compared with postoperatively obtained histo pathological findings and statistically analyzed. Results: The study included 609 women out of which 20.7% had malignant, 73.7% benign, and 5.6% borderline tumors. Patients with malignant tumors were oldest (p lt 0.001). There were significantly more positive US parameters in malignant than in benign tumors (p lt 0.001). Also, there were significant differences (p lt 0.001) between malignant, benign and borderline tumors regarding all examined US and Doppler parameters except tumor multilocularity. RI had sensitivity 75%, specificity 61.2%, positive predictive value (PPV) 42.70% and negative predictive value (NPV) 96.16%. PI had sensitivity 50%, specificity 35.3%, PPV 8.37% and NPV 25.93%. Sensitivity of US characteristics was 94.34%, specificity 30.62%. PPV 22.27% and NPV 96.25%. Conclusions: US pattern characteristics and Doppler parameters were found to be moderately reliable in discriminating malignant, benign and borderline adnexal tumors. Tumor of solid or mixed consistency, presence of ascites and excrescences were the best predictors of malignancy.