Prevention of systemic and regional haemodynamic alterations, hypercreatininemia, hyperuremia and hyperphosphatemia by losartan in hypertension with acute renal failure

Abstract

Patients with pre-existing hypertension are at a particular risk of fatal outcome due to acute renal failure (ARF). We investigate the effects of angiotensin II type-1 receptor blocker (ARB) losartan, on haemodynamics and biochemical parameters in adult male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with ischemia/reperfusion ARF. SHR were randomly selected in three experimental groups: sham-operated group (SHAM), ARF group, and ARF+LOS group (losartan, 10 mg/kg/b.w. given by infusion during the period of three hours after reperfusion). Beside the improvement of systemic haemodynamics 24 h after reperfusion, losartan significantly increased renal blood flow (RBF: 19.33 +/- 3.29 ml/min/kg vs. 8.03 +/- 1.04 ml/min/kg, p lt 0.05) and decreased renal vascular resistance (RVR) compared to ARF (8.85 +/- 1.21 mmHg x min x kg/ml vs. 19.90 +/- 2.35 mmHg x min x kg/ml, p lt 0.001). Plasma creatinine (Pcr), urea (Pu) and phosphates (Pphos) were significantly reduced in ARF+LOS group compared to ARF group (Pcr: 99.11 +/- 14.56 mu mol/l vs. 242.71 +/- 20.25 mu mol/l, p lt 0.001; Pu: 33.72 +/- 4.69 mmol/l vs. 61.90 +/- 3.93 mmol/l, p lt 0.001; 2.7 +/- 0.42 mmol/l vs. 5.57 +/- 0.61 mmol/l, p lt 0.01). Our results demonstrate that losartan improves systemic and regional haemodynamic and biochemical parameters in hypertension with ARF.