Liver disease and COVID-19: The link with oxidative stress, antioxidants and nutrition
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Varying degrees of liver injuries have been reported in patients infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). In general, oxidative stress is actively involved in initiation and progression of liver damage. The liver metabolizes various compounds that produce free radicals. Maintaining the oxidative/antioxidative balance is important in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Antioxidant vitamins, essential trace elements and food compounds, such as polyphenols, appear to be promising agents, with effects in oxidative burst. Deficiency of these nutrients suppresses immune function and increases susceptibility to COVID-19. Daily micronutrient intake is necessary to support anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects but for immune function may be higher than current recommended dietary intake. Antioxidant supplements (βcarotene, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, and selenium) could have a potential role in patients with liver damage. Available evi...dence suggests that supplementing the diet with a combination of micronutrients may help to optimize immune function and reduce the risk of infection. Clinical trials based on the associations of diet and SARS-CoV-2 infection are lacking. Unfortunately, it is not possible to definitively determine the dose, route of administration and best timing to intervene with antioxidants in COVID-19 patients because clinical trials are still ongoing. Until then, hopefully, this review will enable clinicians to understand the impact of micronutrient dietary intake and liver status assessment in COVID-19 patients.
Keywords:
COVID-19 / Liver injury / Nutrients / SARS-CoV-2 / TreatmentSource:
World Journal of Gastroenterology, 2021, 27, 34, 5682-5699Publisher:
- Baishideng Publishing Group
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Institut za medicinska istraživanjaTY - JOUR AU - Ristić-Medić, Danijela K. AU - Petrović, Snježana AU - Arsić, Aleksandra AU - Vučić, Vesna M. PY - 2021 UR - http://rimi.imi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/1166 AB - Varying degrees of liver injuries have been reported in patients infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). In general, oxidative stress is actively involved in initiation and progression of liver damage. The liver metabolizes various compounds that produce free radicals. Maintaining the oxidative/antioxidative balance is important in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Antioxidant vitamins, essential trace elements and food compounds, such as polyphenols, appear to be promising agents, with effects in oxidative burst. Deficiency of these nutrients suppresses immune function and increases susceptibility to COVID-19. Daily micronutrient intake is necessary to support anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects but for immune function may be higher than current recommended dietary intake. Antioxidant supplements (βcarotene, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, and selenium) could have a potential role in patients with liver damage. Available evidence suggests that supplementing the diet with a combination of micronutrients may help to optimize immune function and reduce the risk of infection. Clinical trials based on the associations of diet and SARS-CoV-2 infection are lacking. Unfortunately, it is not possible to definitively determine the dose, route of administration and best timing to intervene with antioxidants in COVID-19 patients because clinical trials are still ongoing. Until then, hopefully, this review will enable clinicians to understand the impact of micronutrient dietary intake and liver status assessment in COVID-19 patients. PB - Baishideng Publishing Group T2 - World Journal of Gastroenterology T1 - Liver disease and COVID-19: The link with oxidative stress, antioxidants and nutrition EP - 5699 IS - 34 SP - 5682 VL - 27 DO - 10.3748/wjg.v27.i34.5682 ER -
@article{ author = "Ristić-Medić, Danijela K. and Petrović, Snježana and Arsić, Aleksandra and Vučić, Vesna M.", year = "2021", abstract = "Varying degrees of liver injuries have been reported in patients infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). In general, oxidative stress is actively involved in initiation and progression of liver damage. The liver metabolizes various compounds that produce free radicals. Maintaining the oxidative/antioxidative balance is important in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Antioxidant vitamins, essential trace elements and food compounds, such as polyphenols, appear to be promising agents, with effects in oxidative burst. Deficiency of these nutrients suppresses immune function and increases susceptibility to COVID-19. Daily micronutrient intake is necessary to support anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects but for immune function may be higher than current recommended dietary intake. Antioxidant supplements (βcarotene, vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, and selenium) could have a potential role in patients with liver damage. Available evidence suggests that supplementing the diet with a combination of micronutrients may help to optimize immune function and reduce the risk of infection. Clinical trials based on the associations of diet and SARS-CoV-2 infection are lacking. Unfortunately, it is not possible to definitively determine the dose, route of administration and best timing to intervene with antioxidants in COVID-19 patients because clinical trials are still ongoing. Until then, hopefully, this review will enable clinicians to understand the impact of micronutrient dietary intake and liver status assessment in COVID-19 patients.", publisher = "Baishideng Publishing Group", journal = "World Journal of Gastroenterology", title = "Liver disease and COVID-19: The link with oxidative stress, antioxidants and nutrition", pages = "5699-5682", number = "34", volume = "27", doi = "10.3748/wjg.v27.i34.5682" }
Ristić-Medić, D. K., Petrović, S., Arsić, A.,& Vučić, V. M.. (2021). Liver disease and COVID-19: The link with oxidative stress, antioxidants and nutrition. in World Journal of Gastroenterology Baishideng Publishing Group., 27(34), 5682-5699. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v27.i34.5682
Ristić-Medić DK, Petrović S, Arsić A, Vučić VM. Liver disease and COVID-19: The link with oxidative stress, antioxidants and nutrition. in World Journal of Gastroenterology. 2021;27(34):5682-5699. doi:10.3748/wjg.v27.i34.5682 .
Ristić-Medić, Danijela K., Petrović, Snježana, Arsić, Aleksandra, Vučić, Vesna M., "Liver disease and COVID-19: The link with oxidative stress, antioxidants and nutrition" in World Journal of Gastroenterology, 27, no. 34 (2021):5682-5699, https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v27.i34.5682 . .