Biological properties of polyphenols in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) on the oxidative stress and fatty acid profile in plasma and erythrocyites in patients with metabolic syndrome

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome is a set of multiple cardiometabolic disorders associated with nutrition including disturbance in metabolism of glucose and insulin, central obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Numerous epidemiological studies have shown that a diet rich in fruits reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, the aim of this doctoral thesis was to investigate the effect of pomegranate juice on biochemical parameters, blood pressure, metabolism of lipids and fatty acids and biomarkers of oxidative status in plasma and erythrocytes, in both gender subjects with the metabolic syndrome. There were two intervention trials, for a period of two and six weeks, in which were included 80 subjects with the metabolic syndrome. Subjects in both trials were randomly divided into two groups: intervention group consumed 300 ml of pomegranate juice, the control group was untreated. The results showed that consumption of pomegranate juice for a period of two weeks resulted in a significant decrease in the concentration of LDL-cholesterol in serum, as well as a significant decrease in the level of docosahexaenoic acid and an increase in the estimated activity of Δ9 desaturase activity in plasma. Furthermore, we have shown a significant increase in the level of dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid and docosahexaenoic acid and the decrease in the activity of glutathione peroxidase in erythrocytes. Supplementation with pomegranate juice, for 6 weeks, resulted in a significant increase in the level of total saturated fatty acids in the plasma, as well as increase the level of monounsaturated fatty acids and the decrease in docosahexaenoic acid and glutathione peroxidase activity in erythrocytes.

Skup višestrukih kardiometaboličkih poremećaja povezanih sa ishranom koji obuhvata izmenjen metabolizam glukoze i insulina, centralnu gojaznost, dislipidemiju i hipertenziju, predstavlja metabolički sindrom. Mnogobrojne epidemiološke studije potvrdile su da ishrana bogata voćem smanjuje rizik od nastanka kardiovaskularnih oboljenja. Zbog toga je cilj ove doktorske disertacije bio je da se ispita efekat kozumiranja soka od nara na biohemijske parametre, krvni pritisak, metabolizam lipida i masnih kiselina i biomarkere oksidativnog statusa u plazmi i eritrocitima, kod osoba oba pola, sa metaboličkim sindromom. Sprovedene su dve interventne studije, u trajanju od dve i šest nedelja, u kojima je bilo uključeno ukupno 80 pacijenata sa metaboličkim sindromom. Pacijenti svake studije bili su nasumice podeljeni u dve grupe od kojih je interventna konzumirala 300 ml soka od nara, dok je kontrolna grupa bila bez tretmana. Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da je konzumiranje soka od nara u trajanju od dve nedelje dovelo je do značajnog smanjenja koncetracije LDL-holesterola u serumu, kao i do značajnog smanjenja nivoa dokozaheksaenske kiseline i povećanja procenjene aktivnosti Δ9 desaturaze u plazmi. Osim toga, u eritrocitima smo pokazali značajno povećanje nivoa dihomo-gama-linolenske kiseline i dokozaheksaenske kiseline i smanjenje aktivnosti glutation peroksidaze. Suplementacija sokom od nara, tokom 6 nedelja, dovela je do značajnog povećanja nivoa ukupnih zasićenih masnih kiselna u plazmi, kao i do povećanja nivoa mononezasićenih masnih kiselina i smanjenja dokozaheksanenske kiseline i aktivnosti glutation peroksidaze u eritrocitima. Naši rezultati su pokazali da konzumiranje soka od nara značajno menja masnokiselinski profil plazme i eritrocita i aktivnost enzima antioksidativne zaštite, kod osoba sa metaboličkim sindromom.