TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hornok, Sandor
AU  - Sandor, Attila D.
AU  - Beck, Relja
AU  - Farkas, Robert
AU  - Beati, Lorenza
AU  - Kontschan, Jeno
AU  - Takacs, Nora
AU  - Foldavari, Gabor
AU  - Silaghi, Cornelia
AU  - Meyer-Kayser, Elisabeth
AU  - Hodzić, Adnan
AU  - Tomanović, Snežana
AU  - Abdullah, Swaid
AU  - Wall, Richard
AU  - Estrada-Pena, Agustin
AU  - Duscher, Georg Gerhard
AU  - Plantard, Olivier
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://rimi.imi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/783
AB  - Background: In Europe, hard ticks of the subgenus Pholeoixodes (Ixodidae: Ixodes) are usually associated with burrow-dwelling mammals and terrestrial birds. Reports of Pholeoixodes spp. from carnivores are frequently contradictory, and their identification is not based on key diagnostic characters. Therefore, the aims of the present study were to identify ticks collected from dogs, foxes and badgers in several European countries, and to reassess their systematic status with molecular analyses using two mitochondrial markers. Results: Between 2003 and 2017, 144 Pholeoixodes spp. ticks were collected in nine European countries. From accurate descriptions and comparison with type-materials, a simple illustrated identification key was compiled for adult females, by focusing on the shape of the anterior surface of basis capituli. Based on this key, 71 female ticks were identified as I. canisuga, 21 as I. kaiseri and 21 as I. hexagonus. DNA was extracted from these 113 female ticks, and from further 31 specimens. Fragments of two mitochondrial genes, cox1 (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1) and 16S rRNA, were amplified and sequenced. Ixodes kaiseri had nine unique cox1 haplotypes, which showed 99.2-100% sequence identity, whereas I. canisuga and I. hexagonus had eleven and five cox1 haplotypes, respectively, with 99.5-100% sequence identity. The distribution of cox1 haplotypes reflected a geographical pattern. Pholeoixodes spp. ticks had fewer 16S rRNA haplotypes, with a lower degree of intraspecific divergence (99.5-100% sequence identity) and no geographical clustering. Phylogenetic analyses were in agreement with morphology: I. kaiseri and I. hexagonus (with the similar shape of the anterior surface of basis capituli) were genetically more closely related to each other than to I. canisuga. Phylogenetic analyses also showed that the subgenus Eschatocephalus (bat ticks) clustered within the subgenus Pholeoixodes. Conclusions: A simple, illustrated identification key is provided for female Pholeoixodes ticks of carnivores (including I. hexagonus and I. rugicollis) to prevent future misidentification of these species. It is also shown that I. kaiseri is more widespread in Europe than previously thought. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that the subgenus Pholeoixodes is not monophyletic: either the subgenus Eschatocephalus should be included in Pholeoixodes, or the latter subgenus should be divided, which is a task for future studies.
PB  - BMC, London
T2  - Parasites & Vectors
T1  - Contributions to the phylogeny of Ixodes (Pholeoixodes) canisuga, I. (Ph.) kaiseri, I. (Ph.) hexagonus and a simple pictorial key for the identification of their females
VL  - 10
DO  - 10.1186/s13071-017-2424-x
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Hornok, Sandor and Sandor, Attila D. and Beck, Relja and Farkas, Robert and Beati, Lorenza and Kontschan, Jeno and Takacs, Nora and Foldavari, Gabor and Silaghi, Cornelia and Meyer-Kayser, Elisabeth and Hodzić, Adnan and Tomanović, Snežana and Abdullah, Swaid and Wall, Richard and Estrada-Pena, Agustin and Duscher, Georg Gerhard and Plantard, Olivier",
year = "2017",
abstract = "Background: In Europe, hard ticks of the subgenus Pholeoixodes (Ixodidae: Ixodes) are usually associated with burrow-dwelling mammals and terrestrial birds. Reports of Pholeoixodes spp. from carnivores are frequently contradictory, and their identification is not based on key diagnostic characters. Therefore, the aims of the present study were to identify ticks collected from dogs, foxes and badgers in several European countries, and to reassess their systematic status with molecular analyses using two mitochondrial markers. Results: Between 2003 and 2017, 144 Pholeoixodes spp. ticks were collected in nine European countries. From accurate descriptions and comparison with type-materials, a simple illustrated identification key was compiled for adult females, by focusing on the shape of the anterior surface of basis capituli. Based on this key, 71 female ticks were identified as I. canisuga, 21 as I. kaiseri and 21 as I. hexagonus. DNA was extracted from these 113 female ticks, and from further 31 specimens. Fragments of two mitochondrial genes, cox1 (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1) and 16S rRNA, were amplified and sequenced. Ixodes kaiseri had nine unique cox1 haplotypes, which showed 99.2-100% sequence identity, whereas I. canisuga and I. hexagonus had eleven and five cox1 haplotypes, respectively, with 99.5-100% sequence identity. The distribution of cox1 haplotypes reflected a geographical pattern. Pholeoixodes spp. ticks had fewer 16S rRNA haplotypes, with a lower degree of intraspecific divergence (99.5-100% sequence identity) and no geographical clustering. Phylogenetic analyses were in agreement with morphology: I. kaiseri and I. hexagonus (with the similar shape of the anterior surface of basis capituli) were genetically more closely related to each other than to I. canisuga. Phylogenetic analyses also showed that the subgenus Eschatocephalus (bat ticks) clustered within the subgenus Pholeoixodes. Conclusions: A simple, illustrated identification key is provided for female Pholeoixodes ticks of carnivores (including I. hexagonus and I. rugicollis) to prevent future misidentification of these species. It is also shown that I. kaiseri is more widespread in Europe than previously thought. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that the subgenus Pholeoixodes is not monophyletic: either the subgenus Eschatocephalus should be included in Pholeoixodes, or the latter subgenus should be divided, which is a task for future studies.",
publisher = "BMC, London",
journal = "Parasites & Vectors",
title = "Contributions to the phylogeny of Ixodes (Pholeoixodes) canisuga, I. (Ph.) kaiseri, I. (Ph.) hexagonus and a simple pictorial key for the identification of their females",
volume = "10",
doi = "10.1186/s13071-017-2424-x"
}

Hornok, S., Sandor, A. D., Beck, R., Farkas, R., Beati, L., Kontschan, J., Takacs, N., Foldavari, G., Silaghi, C., Meyer-Kayser, E., Hodzić, A., Tomanović, S., Abdullah, S., Wall, R., Estrada-Pena, A., Duscher, G. G.,& Plantard, O.. (2017). Contributions to the phylogeny of Ixodes (Pholeoixodes) canisuga, I. (Ph.) kaiseri, I. (Ph.) hexagonus and a simple pictorial key for the identification of their females. in Parasites & Vectors
BMC, London., 10.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-017-2424-x

Hornok S, Sandor AD, Beck R, Farkas R, Beati L, Kontschan J, Takacs N, Foldavari G, Silaghi C, Meyer-Kayser E, Hodzić A, Tomanović S, Abdullah S, Wall R, Estrada-Pena A, Duscher GG, Plantard O. Contributions to the phylogeny of Ixodes (Pholeoixodes) canisuga, I. (Ph.) kaiseri, I. (Ph.) hexagonus and a simple pictorial key for the identification of their females. in Parasites & Vectors. 2017;10.
doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2424-x .

Hornok, Sandor, Sandor, Attila D., Beck, Relja, Farkas, Robert, Beati, Lorenza, Kontschan, Jeno, Takacs, Nora, Foldavari, Gabor, Silaghi, Cornelia, Meyer-Kayser, Elisabeth, Hodzić, Adnan, Tomanović, Snežana, Abdullah, Swaid, Wall, Richard, Estrada-Pena, Agustin, Duscher, Georg Gerhard, Plantard, Olivier, "Contributions to the phylogeny of Ixodes (Pholeoixodes) canisuga, I. (Ph.) kaiseri, I. (Ph.) hexagonus and a simple pictorial key for the identification of their females" in Parasites & Vectors, 10 (2017),
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-017-2424-x . .

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hornok, Sandor
AU  - Sandor, Attila D.
AU  - Tomanović, Snežana
AU  - Beck, Relja
AU  - D'Amico, Gianluca
AU  - Kontschan, Jeno
AU  - Takacs, Nora
AU  - Gorfol, Tamas
AU  - Bendjeddou, Mohammed Lamine
AU  - Foldvari, Gabor
AU  - Farkas, Robert
PY  - 2017
UR  - http://rimi.imi.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/802
AB  - Background: Rhipicephalus sanguineus belongs to a complex of hard tick species with high veterinary-medical significance. Recently, new phylogenetic units have been discovered within R. sanguineus, which therefore needs taxonomic revision. The present study was initiated to provide new information on the phylogeography of relevant haplotypes from less studied regions of Europe and Africa. With this aim, molecular-phylogenetic analyses of two mitochondrial markers were performed on 50 ticks collected in Hungary, the Balkans, countries along the Mediterranean Sea, Kenya and Ivory Coast. Results: In the "temperate lineage" of R. sanguineus, based on cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and 16S rRNA genes, Rhipicephalus sp. I was only found in the eastern part of the Mediterranean Basin (with relatively homogenous haplotypes), whereas Rhipicephalus sp. II occurred in the middle-to-western part of this region (with phylogenetically dichotomous haplotypes). Ticks identified as R. leporis (based on morphology and cox1 gene) were found in Kenya and Ivory Coast. These clustered phylogenetically within R. sanguineus (s.l.) ("tropical lineage"). Conclusions: In the Mediterranean Basin two mitochondrial lineages of R. sanguineus, i. e. Rhipicephalus sp. I and Rhipicephalus sp. II exist, which show different geographical distribution. Therefore, data from this study confirm limited gene flow between Rhipicephalus sp. I and Rhipicephalus sp. II, but more evidence (analyses of nuclear markers, extensive morphological and biological comparison etc.) are necessary to infer if they belong to different species or not. The phylogenetic relationships of eastern and western African ticks, which align with R. leporis, need to be studied further within R. sanguineus (s.l.) ("tropical lineage").
PB  - Biomed Central Ltd, London
T2  - Parasites & Vectors
T1  - East and west separation of Rhipicephalus sanguineus mitochondrial lineages in the Mediterranean Basin
VL  - 10
DO  - 10.1186/s13071-017-1985-z
ER  - 

@article{
author = "Hornok, Sandor and Sandor, Attila D. and Tomanović, Snežana and Beck, Relja and D'Amico, Gianluca and Kontschan, Jeno and Takacs, Nora and Gorfol, Tamas and Bendjeddou, Mohammed Lamine and Foldvari, Gabor and Farkas, Robert",
year = "2017",
abstract = "Background: Rhipicephalus sanguineus belongs to a complex of hard tick species with high veterinary-medical significance. Recently, new phylogenetic units have been discovered within R. sanguineus, which therefore needs taxonomic revision. The present study was initiated to provide new information on the phylogeography of relevant haplotypes from less studied regions of Europe and Africa. With this aim, molecular-phylogenetic analyses of two mitochondrial markers were performed on 50 ticks collected in Hungary, the Balkans, countries along the Mediterranean Sea, Kenya and Ivory Coast. Results: In the "temperate lineage" of R. sanguineus, based on cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and 16S rRNA genes, Rhipicephalus sp. I was only found in the eastern part of the Mediterranean Basin (with relatively homogenous haplotypes), whereas Rhipicephalus sp. II occurred in the middle-to-western part of this region (with phylogenetically dichotomous haplotypes). Ticks identified as R. leporis (based on morphology and cox1 gene) were found in Kenya and Ivory Coast. These clustered phylogenetically within R. sanguineus (s.l.) ("tropical lineage"). Conclusions: In the Mediterranean Basin two mitochondrial lineages of R. sanguineus, i. e. Rhipicephalus sp. I and Rhipicephalus sp. II exist, which show different geographical distribution. Therefore, data from this study confirm limited gene flow between Rhipicephalus sp. I and Rhipicephalus sp. II, but more evidence (analyses of nuclear markers, extensive morphological and biological comparison etc.) are necessary to infer if they belong to different species or not. The phylogenetic relationships of eastern and western African ticks, which align with R. leporis, need to be studied further within R. sanguineus (s.l.) ("tropical lineage").",
publisher = "Biomed Central Ltd, London",
journal = "Parasites & Vectors",
title = "East and west separation of Rhipicephalus sanguineus mitochondrial lineages in the Mediterranean Basin",
volume = "10",
doi = "10.1186/s13071-017-1985-z"
}

Hornok, S., Sandor, A. D., Tomanović, S., Beck, R., D'Amico, G., Kontschan, J., Takacs, N., Gorfol, T., Bendjeddou, M. L., Foldvari, G.,& Farkas, R.. (2017). East and west separation of Rhipicephalus sanguineus mitochondrial lineages in the Mediterranean Basin. in Parasites & Vectors
Biomed Central Ltd, London., 10.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-017-1985-z

Hornok S, Sandor AD, Tomanović S, Beck R, D'Amico G, Kontschan J, Takacs N, Gorfol T, Bendjeddou ML, Foldvari G, Farkas R. East and west separation of Rhipicephalus sanguineus mitochondrial lineages in the Mediterranean Basin. in Parasites & Vectors. 2017;10.
doi:10.1186/s13071-017-1985-z .

Hornok, Sandor, Sandor, Attila D., Tomanović, Snežana, Beck, Relja, D'Amico, Gianluca, Kontschan, Jeno, Takacs, Nora, Gorfol, Tamas, Bendjeddou, Mohammed Lamine, Foldvari, Gabor, Farkas, Robert, "East and west separation of Rhipicephalus sanguineus mitochondrial lineages in the Mediterranean Basin" in Parasites & Vectors, 10 (2017),
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-017-1985-z . .